活塞反向运动时二冲程柴油机燃烧室内燃油分布特性

A. Lal, M. Shelestov
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引用次数: 0

摘要

分析了活塞往复运动的二冲程柴油机混合气形成的组织方式。考虑了与壁面的热交换、燃料的雾化和蒸发、燃料喷射和燃料蒸气在燃烧室体积中的分布等问题。值得注意的是,由于窗的特殊轮廓而产生的切向涡对二冲程柴油机缸内的过程有重要影响。空气充注量的运动是混合气形成的一个重要而关键的因素,旋涡的强度是通过旋涡数来估计的,旋涡数是旋涡的转数与发动机转速的比值。在体积混合气形成过程中,最基本的问题是燃油雾化和空气体积内的均匀分布。燃料喷射等标准的分散度和统一性点燃燃料。分散程度是通过喷射燃料中液滴的平均直径来估计的。在燃烧室的体积内,喷射的均匀性取决于燃料喷射的形状、喷射的范围、旋转空气、燃烧室的类型。远程喷流的存在必然伴随着沿壁面必要强度的气流运动。否则,在国内6ChN12/2×12典型的热壁条件下,在射流与过热壁接触的地方,会发现大量的固体烟灰沉积物,这些沉积物具有焦炭的特征,是燃料裂解的结果。上述缺点不能仅仅通过改变壁温来消除,如果其主要原因不能同时消除,即局部缺乏空气(例如,在活塞底部的中心部分)。预防这一现象的措施的发展将提高发动机的环境友好性和效率。
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CHARACTERISTICS OF FUEL DISTRIBUTION IN THE VOLUME OF THE COMBUSTION CHAMBER OF TWO-STROKE DIESEL ENGINE WITH OPPOSITE MOVEMENT OF PISTONS
The paper analyzes ways of organizing mixture formation in a two-stroke diesel engine with reciprocating piston move-ment. Issues such as heat exchange with the walls, atomization and evaporation of fuel, distribution of the fuel jet and fuel vapors in the volume of the combustion chamber are considered. It is noted that the tangential vortex, which is achieved thanks to the special profiling of the windows, has a significant impact on the processes in the two-stroke diesel cylinder. The movement of the air charge is an important and critical factor in the formation of a mixture, the intensity of the vortex is estimated by the vortex number, which is the ratio of the number of revolutions of the vortex to the engine speed. In the process of volumetric mixture formation, the basic issues are fuel atomization and uniform distribution in the air volume. Fuel spraying has such criteria as the degree of dispersion and uniformity of the ignited fuel. The degree of dispersion is estimated by the average diameter of drops in the sprayed fuel. And the uniformity of spraying in the volume of the combustion chamber depends on the fuel jet shape, range of the jet, swirling air, the type of combustion chamber. The presence of long-range jets must necessarily be accompanied by the necessary intensity of air charge movement along the wall. Otherwise, in the conditions of the hot wall, which is typical for the domestic 6ChN12/2×12, in the places of contact of the jets with the overheated wall, significant solid deposits of soot are found, and these deposits have the character of coke, obtained as a result of fuel cracking. The mentioned drawback cannot be eliminated only by changing the wall temperature, if its main cause is not eliminated simultaneously, namely, a local lack of air (for example, in the central part of the piston bottom). Development of measures for prevention of this phenomenon will improve the engine's environmental friendliness and efficiency.
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