Vestibular Rehabilitation after Vestibulopathy Focusing on the Application of Virtual Reality

Human postural control is regulated by the vestibular, somatosensory, and visual systems. These types of sensory information are integrated in the central nervous system to ascertain the body’s position in space. Proper functioning of the vestibular, somatosensory, and visual senses is necessary for the body to maintain equilibrium. Bilateral vestibulopathy (BVP) is a condition in which bilateral peripheral vestibular function is reduced. Its treatment includes vestibular rehabilitation (VeR), balance training, counseling, treating the underlying cause, and avoiding further damage to the vestibular system. As VeR is often tedious for patients, patient motivation is required or patients may drop out of the program. To solve this problem, in recent years, there have been increasing reports of VeR using virtual reality, which increases vestibulo-ocular reflex gain and decreased dizziness by inducing adaptation. In this review, we discuss VeR, particularly for BVP, and VeR using virtual reality.