304L奥氏体不锈钢拉伸和低周疲劳试验后马氏体相变的研究

G. S. Fonseca, Silvana Carreiro de Oliveira, Jéssica Gadêlha Chaves, Pedro Pena Leite, F. Silva, L. Lopes
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引用次数: 3

摘要

奥氏体不锈钢相变诱发塑性(TRIP)的研究很多。基本上,在这些钢中,随着奥氏体向马氏体的转变,强度和韧性显著提高。304L钢在工业上有广泛的应用。有关马氏体相变与塑性变形的研究是相当普遍的。许多研究涉及与马氏体形成有关的单调加载。在实践中,304L钢受到不同类型的载荷,可能有应力集中器。因此,在较小数量的文献研究中,也有可能发现循环加载与TRIP效应。为了分析TRIP对这些钢的影响,304L钢样品进行了应力集中器的间断单调拉伸试验。光学显微镜(OM)和x射线衍射(XRD)技术表征了马氏体相变。其他带有应力集中器的304L钢试样进行了低周疲劳试验。在这种情况下,可以用电子背散射衍射技术(EBSD)跟踪马氏体转变。中断单调试验后的样品显示,由于塑性变形,在距缺口1mm处形成了高马氏体体积分数(30% ~ 50%)。从缺口的5.5mm处,样品再次显示出与接收(AR)样品相似的微观结构。对于低周疲劳试样,变形诱发马氏体的高浓度分布在断裂面15mm以内。在距离圆形不连续点约0.5mm处,样品再次具有与初始样品(IS)相似的微观结构。
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Study of Martensitic Transformation in 304L Austenitic Stainless Steel after Tensile and Low Cycle Fatigue Tests
There are many studies on austenitic stainless steels with transformation induced plasticity (TRIP). Basically, in these steels, there is a significant increase in strength and toughness with the transformation of austenite to martensite. 304L steel finds extensive application in industry. Studies relating to martensitic transformation with plastic deformation are quite common. Many studies involve monotonic loading relating to the martensite formed. In practice, 304L steels are subject to distinct types of loading and possibly with stress concentrators. Thus, also in smaller quantities, it is possible to find in the literature studies involving cyclic loading with the TRIP effect. To contribute to the literature on the analysis of the TRIP effect on these steels, 304L steel samples with stress concentrators underwent interrupted monotonic tensile tests. Optical microscopy (OM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique characterized the martensitic transformation. Other 304L steel samples with a stress concentrator underwent a low cycle fatigue test. The martensitic transformation, in this case, was possible to follow with the electron backscatter diffraction technique (EBSD). The samples after the interrupted monotonic tests show a high martensite volume fraction formed 1mm away from the notch (30% to 50%), due to the plastic deformation suffered. From 5.5mm of the notch, the samples again display a microstructure like that of the as-received (AR) sample. For the low cycle fatigue tested sample, the high concentration of deformation-induced martensite was within 15mm of the discontinuity. Approximately 0.5mm from the circular discontinuity, the sample again has a microstructure like the initial sample (IS).
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