Physiological, biochemical and economic characteristics of transgenic winter wheat plants with gene ornitin-Δ-aminotransferases

Aim. To analyze the physiological, biochemical and economic characteristics of genetically modified plants of new promising genotypes of winter bread wheat of seed generation T2 with the heterologous gene of ornithine-δ-aminotransferase of alfalfa. Methods. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in vitro; biochemical determination of the activity of the enzyme ornithine-δ-aminotransferase (OAT) and the content of free L-proline; morphometric indicators and elements of crop structure; mathematical statistics. Results. It was found that the presence of additional copies of the oat gene in transgenic plants leads to increased activity of the enzyme ornithine-δ-aminotransferase (on average 1.5 times compared to the original plants), but they do not differ significantly from plants of the original genotypes in free L-Proline is neither normal nor under conditions of soil drought. It has been shown that the introduction into the genome of wheat plants of a genetic construct that enhances the expression of the oat gene stimulates root growth both under normal and stressful conditions. Under conditions of insufficient moisture supply, plants of transgenic lines also exceeded untransformed plants in the number and weight of grains from the whole plant. Conclusions. Analysis of physiological and biochemical characteristics and economic characteristics of transgenic soft wheat plants containing the heterologous gene of ornithine-δ-aminotransferase of alfalfa showed their increased tolerance to soil drought compared to non-transgenic genotypes. Biotechnological plants are characterized by a more developed root system, which increased the ability of plants to grow in conditions of water scarcity.