I. Voloshchuk, O. P. Voloshchuk, V. Hlyva, M. Pashchak
{"title":"各种农业技术栽培措施下玉米粮食生产的经济效益","authors":"I. Voloshchuk, O. P. Voloshchuk, V. Hlyva, M. Pashchak","doi":"10.31867/2523-4544/0218","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Topicality. The efficiency of the grain production industry allows to provide the population with food and the state with currency. A significant place in the increase in the volume of grain crops is assigned to maize, which is in stable demand both in the domestic and foreign markets. Issues. Due to the lack of programs of grain maize breeding in the Western Forest-Steppe zone, it is necessary to purchase the hybrids and seed material in the originating institutions of the Central Forest-Steppe and Steppe zones. The choice of high-yield hybrids depends on their biological char-acteristics, effective use of soil and climatic conditions and positive response to the cultivation technology. Aim. To conduct a comprehensive and economic evaluation of maize hybrids depend-ing on the implementation of their genetic potential in the soil and climatic conditions of the West-ern Forest-Steppe and their response to the system of basic and foliar plant nutrition. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out during 2019–2021 on the fields of the Department of Seed Production and Seed Science at the Institute of Agriculture in the Carpathian region NAAS. We studied next maize hybrids: Pochaivskyi 190 MV, DN Meotyda, DN Khortytsia, Orzhytsia 237 MV (the originator – State Enterprise Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS, Dnipro). Yield accounting was carried out by direct combining of experimental plots with subsequent weighing, and the obtained data was recalculated for standard grain moisture content. Processing statistical data - by analysis of variance (Excel, Statistica 6.0) according to V. A. Ushkarenko, R. A. Vozhehova, S. P. Golobo-rodko, S. V. Kokovikhin (2013), economic assessment – by the method of V. I. Boiko, E. M. Lebid, V. S. Rybka (2008). Results. The highest grain yield of maize hybrids (7.49 t/ha for early-ripening group and 7.62 t/ha for mid-early group) was obtained in 2019; in 2020, the grain yield was lowest – 7.07 and 7.22 t/ha, respectively. The highest yield of 7.68 t/ha was obtained for DN Meotyda hy-brid of the early ripening group, and 7.67 t/ha – for Orzhytsia 237 MV hybrid of the mid-early rip-ening group. Over the years of research, the variability of grain yield for the early ripening hybrids (FAO 100–199) ranged within 0.32–0.52 t/ha, for the mid-early ripening hybrids (FAO 200–299) – 0.22–0.35 t/ha. Pre-sowing seed treatment with chelated forms of microfertilizers was effective on gray forest surface-gley soils of the studied region with hard-to-reach forms of nutrients. Microferti-lizers used in pre-sowing seed treatment increased grain yield by 0.21–0.43 t/ha. Conclusions. The growth of economic indicators for farms of various forms of ownership in the Western Forest-Steppe zone is facilitated by the expansion of the range of simple linear maize hybrids of domestic selection. When growing ecologically plastic maize hybrids of different maturity groups (Pochaivskyi 190 MV, DN Meotyda, DN Khortytsia, Orzhytsia 237 MV), the profitability of grain production reached 107.2–132.1 %. Pre-sowing seed treatment with chelated microfertilizers: Ora-cle Seeds (1.0 l/t), Brexil Combi (0.5 kg/t) and Valagro EDTA Mix 5 (0.2 kg/t) increased the profit-ability by 2.7–9.2 %. When applying microfertilizer Oracle Multicomplex (1.5 l/ha) in the stage of ВВСН 16–18 (6–8 leaves) and ВВСН 59 (tasseling), the profitability indicator exceeded the control (without foliar feeding) by 37.1–38.2 %. When the rate of application of mineral fertilizers was in-creased to N150P90K90, it was obtained a higher profitability of grain production of early ripening maize hybrids (FAO 100–199) at plant density of 75 thousand pcs/ha) by 24.6–27.7 %, mid-early ripening (FAO 200–299 with plant density of 80 thousand pcs/ha) – by 17.4–20.7 % compared to N120P90K90. Key words: maize, yield, microfertilizers, mineral fertilizers, profitability.","PeriodicalId":23071,"journal":{"name":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Economic efficiency of maize grain production under various agrotechnical measures of cultivation\",\"authors\":\"I. Voloshchuk, O. P. Voloshchuk, V. Hlyva, M. Pashchak\",\"doi\":\"10.31867/2523-4544/0218\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Topicality. The efficiency of the grain production industry allows to provide the population with food and the state with currency. A significant place in the increase in the volume of grain crops is assigned to maize, which is in stable demand both in the domestic and foreign markets. Issues. Due to the lack of programs of grain maize breeding in the Western Forest-Steppe zone, it is necessary to purchase the hybrids and seed material in the originating institutions of the Central Forest-Steppe and Steppe zones. The choice of high-yield hybrids depends on their biological char-acteristics, effective use of soil and climatic conditions and positive response to the cultivation technology. Aim. To conduct a comprehensive and economic evaluation of maize hybrids depend-ing on the implementation of their genetic potential in the soil and climatic conditions of the West-ern Forest-Steppe and their response to the system of basic and foliar plant nutrition. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out during 2019–2021 on the fields of the Department of Seed Production and Seed Science at the Institute of Agriculture in the Carpathian region NAAS. We studied next maize hybrids: Pochaivskyi 190 MV, DN Meotyda, DN Khortytsia, Orzhytsia 237 MV (the originator – State Enterprise Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS, Dnipro). Yield accounting was carried out by direct combining of experimental plots with subsequent weighing, and the obtained data was recalculated for standard grain moisture content. Processing statistical data - by analysis of variance (Excel, Statistica 6.0) according to V. A. Ushkarenko, R. A. Vozhehova, S. P. Golobo-rodko, S. V. Kokovikhin (2013), economic assessment – by the method of V. I. Boiko, E. M. Lebid, V. S. Rybka (2008). Results. The highest grain yield of maize hybrids (7.49 t/ha for early-ripening group and 7.62 t/ha for mid-early group) was obtained in 2019; in 2020, the grain yield was lowest – 7.07 and 7.22 t/ha, respectively. The highest yield of 7.68 t/ha was obtained for DN Meotyda hy-brid of the early ripening group, and 7.67 t/ha – for Orzhytsia 237 MV hybrid of the mid-early rip-ening group. Over the years of research, the variability of grain yield for the early ripening hybrids (FAO 100–199) ranged within 0.32–0.52 t/ha, for the mid-early ripening hybrids (FAO 200–299) – 0.22–0.35 t/ha. Pre-sowing seed treatment with chelated forms of microfertilizers was effective on gray forest surface-gley soils of the studied region with hard-to-reach forms of nutrients. Microferti-lizers used in pre-sowing seed treatment increased grain yield by 0.21–0.43 t/ha. Conclusions. The growth of economic indicators for farms of various forms of ownership in the Western Forest-Steppe zone is facilitated by the expansion of the range of simple linear maize hybrids of domestic selection. When growing ecologically plastic maize hybrids of different maturity groups (Pochaivskyi 190 MV, DN Meotyda, DN Khortytsia, Orzhytsia 237 MV), the profitability of grain production reached 107.2–132.1 %. Pre-sowing seed treatment with chelated microfertilizers: Ora-cle Seeds (1.0 l/t), Brexil Combi (0.5 kg/t) and Valagro EDTA Mix 5 (0.2 kg/t) increased the profit-ability by 2.7–9.2 %. When applying microfertilizer Oracle Multicomplex (1.5 l/ha) in the stage of ВВСН 16–18 (6–8 leaves) and ВВСН 59 (tasseling), the profitability indicator exceeded the control (without foliar feeding) by 37.1–38.2 %. When the rate of application of mineral fertilizers was in-creased to N150P90K90, it was obtained a higher profitability of grain production of early ripening maize hybrids (FAO 100–199) at plant density of 75 thousand pcs/ha) by 24.6–27.7 %, mid-early ripening (FAO 200–299 with plant density of 80 thousand pcs/ha) – by 17.4–20.7 % compared to N120P90K90. Key words: maize, yield, microfertilizers, mineral fertilizers, profitability.\",\"PeriodicalId\":23071,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops\",\"volume\":\"9 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2022-08-15\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0218\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"The Scientific Journal Grain Crops","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0218","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
时事性。粮食生产行业的效率可以为人民提供食物,为国家提供货币。玉米在粮食作物产量增长中占有重要地位,在国内外市场上对玉米的需求都很稳定。问题。由于西部森林-草原区粮食玉米育种项目缺乏,需要在中部森林-草原区和草原区原产单位购买杂交种和种子材料。高产杂交种的选择取决于其生物学特性、对土壤和气候条件的有效利用以及对栽培技术的积极响应。的目标。根据玉米杂交品种在西部森林草原土壤和气候条件下的遗传潜力及其对植物基本营养和叶面营养系统的响应,对玉米杂交品种进行综合经济评价。材料和方法。这些研究于2019-2021年在喀尔巴阡地区国家农业科学院农业研究所种子生产和种子科学部的领域进行。我们研究了下一代玉米杂交种:Pochaivskyi 190 MV、DN Meotyda、DN Khortytsia、Orzhytsia 237 MV(始创者-国家农科院粮食作物研究所,第聂伯罗)。产量核算采用试验田与随后称重直接结合的方法,所得数据重新计算标准粮食含水率。根据V. A. Ushkarenko, R. A. Vozhehova, S. P. goloboo -rodko, S. V. Kokovikhin(2013)处理统计数据-通过方差分析(Excel, Statistica 6.0),经济评估-采用V. I. Boiko, E. M. Lebid, V. S. Rybka(2008)的方法。结果。2019年玉米杂交种籽粒产量最高(早熟组7.49 t/ha,中早熟组7.62 t/ha);2020年产量最低,分别为7.07吨/公顷和7.22吨/公顷。早熟组DN Meotyda的产量最高,为7.68 t/ha,早熟组Orzhytsia 237 MV的产量最高,为7.67 t/ha。在多年的研究中,早熟杂交种(FAO 100-199)的籽粒产量变异性在0.32-0.52 t/ha之间,中早熟杂交种(FAO 200-299)的变异性在0.22-0.35 t/ha之间。在研究区域的灰色森林表层土壤中,施用螯合形式的微量肥料的播前种子处理是有效的。播前施微肥可使籽粒产量提高0.21 ~ 0.43 t/公顷。结论。西部森林-草原地带各种所有制农场经济指标的增长,得益于国内选择的简单线性玉米杂交品种范围的扩大。种植不同成熟度群体(Pochaivskyi 190 MV、DN Meotyda、DN Khortytsia、Orzhytsia 237 MV)的生态塑料玉米杂交种,籽粒生产收益率达到107.2 ~ 132.1%。播前用螯合微肥进行种子处理:Ora-cle种子(1.0 l/t)、Brexil Combi (0.5 kg/t)和Valagro EDTA Mix 5 (0.2 kg/t),盈利能力提高了2.7 - 9.2%。在ВВСН 16-18期(6-8叶)和ВВСН 59期(抽雄期)施用1.5 l/ha Oracle Multicomplex微肥时,盈利指标比对照(无叶面饲喂)高出37.1% - 38.2%。当矿物肥施用量增加到N150P90K90时,早熟玉米杂交种(FAO 100-199,株密度为7.5万株/公顷)的籽粒生产盈利能力比N120P90K90高24.6 - 27.7%,中早熟玉米(FAO 200-299,株密度为8万株/公顷)的籽粒生产盈利能力比N120P90K90高17.4 - 20.7%。关键词:玉米;产量;微量肥料;
Economic efficiency of maize grain production under various agrotechnical measures of cultivation
Topicality. The efficiency of the grain production industry allows to provide the population with food and the state with currency. A significant place in the increase in the volume of grain crops is assigned to maize, which is in stable demand both in the domestic and foreign markets. Issues. Due to the lack of programs of grain maize breeding in the Western Forest-Steppe zone, it is necessary to purchase the hybrids and seed material in the originating institutions of the Central Forest-Steppe and Steppe zones. The choice of high-yield hybrids depends on their biological char-acteristics, effective use of soil and climatic conditions and positive response to the cultivation technology. Aim. To conduct a comprehensive and economic evaluation of maize hybrids depend-ing on the implementation of their genetic potential in the soil and climatic conditions of the West-ern Forest-Steppe and their response to the system of basic and foliar plant nutrition. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out during 2019–2021 on the fields of the Department of Seed Production and Seed Science at the Institute of Agriculture in the Carpathian region NAAS. We studied next maize hybrids: Pochaivskyi 190 MV, DN Meotyda, DN Khortytsia, Orzhytsia 237 MV (the originator – State Enterprise Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS, Dnipro). Yield accounting was carried out by direct combining of experimental plots with subsequent weighing, and the obtained data was recalculated for standard grain moisture content. Processing statistical data - by analysis of variance (Excel, Statistica 6.0) according to V. A. Ushkarenko, R. A. Vozhehova, S. P. Golobo-rodko, S. V. Kokovikhin (2013), economic assessment – by the method of V. I. Boiko, E. M. Lebid, V. S. Rybka (2008). Results. The highest grain yield of maize hybrids (7.49 t/ha for early-ripening group and 7.62 t/ha for mid-early group) was obtained in 2019; in 2020, the grain yield was lowest – 7.07 and 7.22 t/ha, respectively. The highest yield of 7.68 t/ha was obtained for DN Meotyda hy-brid of the early ripening group, and 7.67 t/ha – for Orzhytsia 237 MV hybrid of the mid-early rip-ening group. Over the years of research, the variability of grain yield for the early ripening hybrids (FAO 100–199) ranged within 0.32–0.52 t/ha, for the mid-early ripening hybrids (FAO 200–299) – 0.22–0.35 t/ha. Pre-sowing seed treatment with chelated forms of microfertilizers was effective on gray forest surface-gley soils of the studied region with hard-to-reach forms of nutrients. Microferti-lizers used in pre-sowing seed treatment increased grain yield by 0.21–0.43 t/ha. Conclusions. The growth of economic indicators for farms of various forms of ownership in the Western Forest-Steppe zone is facilitated by the expansion of the range of simple linear maize hybrids of domestic selection. When growing ecologically plastic maize hybrids of different maturity groups (Pochaivskyi 190 MV, DN Meotyda, DN Khortytsia, Orzhytsia 237 MV), the profitability of grain production reached 107.2–132.1 %. Pre-sowing seed treatment with chelated microfertilizers: Ora-cle Seeds (1.0 l/t), Brexil Combi (0.5 kg/t) and Valagro EDTA Mix 5 (0.2 kg/t) increased the profit-ability by 2.7–9.2 %. When applying microfertilizer Oracle Multicomplex (1.5 l/ha) in the stage of ВВСН 16–18 (6–8 leaves) and ВВСН 59 (tasseling), the profitability indicator exceeded the control (without foliar feeding) by 37.1–38.2 %. When the rate of application of mineral fertilizers was in-creased to N150P90K90, it was obtained a higher profitability of grain production of early ripening maize hybrids (FAO 100–199) at plant density of 75 thousand pcs/ha) by 24.6–27.7 %, mid-early ripening (FAO 200–299 with plant density of 80 thousand pcs/ha) – by 17.4–20.7 % compared to N120P90K90. Key words: maize, yield, microfertilizers, mineral fertilizers, profitability.