An Audit of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy; at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Islamabad

Background: Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy is a commonly performed surgery and is a gold standard for the treatment of cholelithiasis as it has fewer side effects. This study was conducted to determine indications and complications of this surgery at a tertiary care hospital in Islamabad. Methodology: This retrospective study was conducted in the department of Surgery, Maroof International Hospital from March 2017 to March 2019. A total of 250 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included through consecutive sampling technique. The data regarding age, gender, mode of presentation, types of presentation, per operative findings, operative complications and duration of hospital stay was collected from patients’ medical record. Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS version 23 was used to analyze data. Results:  Mean age of the participants was 46.24 ± 14.13 years. Female to male ratio was 2.73:1. Almost 38.4% patients had chronic cholecystitis, 35.2% had symptomatic gallstone disease, 24.8% had acute cholecystitis and 1.6% had gallbladder polyps. No major vascular or common bile duct injury were noted. 27.2% patients had per operative gallbladder perforation. Stone spillage occurred in 8.8% patients with retrieval in all of them. 75.2% patients were discharged on day 1. Per operatively, 98.4% patients had cholelithiasis, 59.6% had adhesions, 9.6% had mucocele, 1.6% had empyema and 0.8% patients had collections. Conclusion: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a safe procedure in all types of gallstone disease presentations with low complication rate. Key words: Cholelithiasis, Gallstones, Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, Per-operative complications