加里宁格勒地区气旋群及其对海岸磨损的影响

IF 0.7 Q4 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Russian Journal of Earth Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-13 DOI:10.2205/2023es000826
Z. Stont, E. Esiukova, M. Ulyanova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

加里宁格勒地区(波罗的海东南部的俄罗斯部分)的海岸经常暴露在极端风暴中,这导致了土地的强烈磨损和洪水。基于档案资料、气象监测、预报和天气图,对21世纪初秋冬季观测到的极端风暴进行了分析。利用HYSPLIT(混合单粒子拉格朗日综合轨迹模型)确定气旋类型,从而可以重建大气涡旋接近海岸的轨迹。当深层气旋在相对较短的时间内影响加里宁格勒地区的海岸时,确定了风暴聚集的季节。无论轨迹的类型如何,风暴都会对自然和基础设施造成破坏。但北部暴露的海岸最容易受到“潜水”气旋的破坏,其波浪状态具有高势能。早些时候,人们注意到偏北风的气旋频率增加。北部气旋群尤其危险,就像2022年1月那样,当时有4个大气涡流影响海岸,间隔时间为几小时到2-3天。当水位高时,海浪冲击海岸,造成灾难性的破坏。海岸监测显示,许多河岸遭到破坏,前沙丘被突破,洪水和森林崩塌,海岸防护和工程结构以及基础设施受到严重破坏。数十公顷的沿海领土已经丧失。极端风暴过后,大量以塑料为主的人为大、宏观、中、微型垃圾大量排放到海洋环境中,造成了环境问题。
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Clusters of Cyclones and Their Effect on Coast Abrasion in Kaliningrad Region
The shores of the Kaliningrad Region (the Russian part of the South-Eastern Baltic Sea) are regularly exposed to extreme storms, which leads to intensive abrasion and flooding of the land. Based on archival data, meteorological monitoring, forecast and synoptic maps, an analysis of extreme storms observed in the autumn-winter periods of the early 21st century was done. The cyclone type was determined using the HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model), which makes it possible to reconstruct the trajectory of the approach of the atmospheric vortex to the coast. The seasons with clusters of storms were identified, when deep cyclones affected the coasts of the Kaliningrad Region in a relatively short time. Regardless of the type of trajectory, storms cause destruction of both natural and infrastructure objects. But the shores of the northern exposure are most susceptible to destruction by “diving” cyclones, the wave regime of which has a high potential energy. Earlier it was noted that the frequency of cyclones with northerly winds increases. Clusters of northern cyclones are especially dangerous, as was in January 2022, when 4 atmospheric eddies affected the coast with an interval of several hours to 2–3 days. When the water level was high, the waves crashed on the coast, causing catastrophic damage. The coastal monitoring revealed numerous destruction of the banks, breakthroughs of the foredune, both flooding and collapse of forests, critical damage to coast protection and engineering structures, and infrastructure facilities. Dozens of hectares of coastal territories have been lost. There are environmental problems associated with numerous emissions into the marine environment of a huge amount of anthropogenic mega-, macro-, meso-, micro-garbage with a predominance of plastic after extreme storms.
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来源期刊
Russian Journal of Earth Sciences
Russian Journal of Earth Sciences GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
1.90
自引率
15.40%
发文量
41
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