《新自由主义国家与公民》,丹尼尔·布莱克

Danijela Petković
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摘要

本文讨论了肯·洛奇广受好评的电影《我,丹尼尔·布莱克》,这部电影审视并谴责了当代英国对国家和公民的新自由主义重新定义,将这一中心问题置于更广泛的、充满情感的劳动、健康、疾病和死亡框架中。本文的第一部分简要而有选择性地概述了当前关于英美新自由主义、国家和公民身份的批判和理论思想,并总结了Cherniavsky(2017)、Brown(2015)、Mirowski(2013)、Wacquant(2011)和Harvey(2005)最近工作的基本原则。正如无数其他理论家和评论家在21世纪进一步发展福柯(1978)的见解一样,他们也同意,“新自由主义转向”导致了一个强烈的惩罚性国家,尽管如此,它仍然保留了民主的外在标志和制度,凯恩斯主义的福利国家,包括,正如洛奇的电影所展示的,社会服务。虽然批评家们一致认为,这种国家和公民的转变在当代美国尤为明显,但丹尼尔·布莱克(Daniel Blake)证明,紧缩时期的英国也不甘落后。
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THE NEOLIBERAL STATE AND THE CITIZEN IN I, DANIEL BLAKE
The paper discusses Ken Loach’s critically acclaimed film, I, Daniel Blake, which, as it is argued, examines and condemns the neoliberal redefining of both the state and the citizen in contemporary Great Britain, setting this central issue in the wider, emotionally charged framework of labour, health, illness and death. The first part of the paper offers a brief, and selective, overview of current critical and theoretical thought on Anglo-American neoliberalism, state and citizenship, and summarizes the basic tenets of the recent work by Cherniavsky (2017), Brown (2015), Mirowski (2013), Wacquant (2011) and Harvey (2005) in particular. As countless other theorists and critics who further develop Foucault’s (1978) insights in the 21st century, they also agree that “the neoliberal turn” has resulted, inter alia, in a strong punitive state which nonetheless retains the outward signs and the institution of a democratic, Keynesian welfare state, including, as Loach’s film demonstrates, the social services. While the critics agree that such a transformation of the state and the citizen is particularly noticeable in contemporary USA, I, Daniel Blake demonstrates that austerity-era Great Britain is not far behind.
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