Three-dimensional investigation of the effect of nail’s angle on the soil-nailed wall

Nowadays, it is necessary to implement advanced development infrastructure, such as high buildings and subsequently excavation with the growth of population and urban development. In excavation operations, one of the most important parameters affecting overall soil stability and good performance is deformation of wall construction. Several soil reinforcement methods are used to reduce and control deformations and to provide stability against failure. In this regard, one of the most effective, cost-effective and most widely used methods is the implementation of soil-nailed walls. Predicting the degree of deformation and the optimal design of soil nails a major issue in the process of designing and analyzing soil-nailed systems which has been studied by many other researchers. The purpose of present study was to investigate the three-dimensional effect of nail angle. This angle change (deflection) which can be due to the underground disputes or construction problem has been investigated and its effects on soil-nailed wall deformations evaluated through three-dimensional Software of Plaxis 3D 1.6 Foundation. The obtained results showed that nail angle can lead to increase wall deformations. However, the deformation caused by nail angle changes is not significant up to the value of 30 degrees.