Artificial Intelligence in Analytical Spectroscopy, Part II: Examples in Spectroscopy

In Part I (February 2023) of this two-part series on artificial intelligence (AI), and its subfield machine learning (ML), we presented the variety of chemometric algorithms used to compare AI, ML, and chemometrics. These algorithms included those used for classification, regression, clustering, ensemble learning, signal processing, and component analysis. Now, in Part II, we discuss the applications of AI to electronic and vibrational spectroscopy. We also touch on some applications of deep learning (DL), which is a subfield of machine learning where more complex artificial neural networks (ANNs) with more hidden layers are used. This column article includes a number of selected references that discuss the application of AI in analytical chemistry and in molecular spectroscopy. We give a few early and late examples of AI and ML as applied to different vibrational spectroscopy methods, such as Raman, infrared (FT-IR), near-infrared (NIR), and ultraviolet–visible (UV-vis) spectroscopic techniques. This article is intended only as a sampling of the numerous research manuscripts addressing this subject.