空军飞行员招募中角膜屈光度的检验及应用价值探讨

中华航空航天医学杂志 Pub Date : 2014-03-15 DOI:10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2014.01.004

Xiang Zhang, Qing-hong Yang, Zhen Ma, Qing Tian, Zhong-xing Ma

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摘要

目的通过分析候选者角膜屈光检查的现状及分布，探讨角膜屈光检查在空军飞行员选拔中的应用价值。方法采用佳能RK F1全自动参比式角膜屈光度计对2 586名最终选拔的高中毕业生的5 172只眼进行角膜垂直和水平经线屈光度的测定。计算了同一个体的平均角膜屈光度、角膜散光、散光轴和两眼中心屈光差，并描述了频率分布。比较了同一个体双眼角膜散光情况。结果平均角膜屈光度为(42.64±1.23)D(范围:37.95 ~ 47.31 D)，同一个体双眼角膜屈光度差绝对值为(0.20±0.18)D(范围:0.00 ~ 2.53 D)，平均角膜散光为(0.98±0.45)D(范围:0.00 ~ 4.25 D)，顺条散光、反条散光和斜条散光分别占96.83%、1.16%和2.01%。同一个体双眼角膜散光差异有统计学意义(Z=-6.517,P<0.05)。左眼角膜散光为(1.00±0.46)D，略高于右眼(0.96±0.45)D。结论在空军飞行员选拔中，全自动参比式角膜屈光计检测角膜屈光度为筛选和鉴别角膜屈光度提供了有价值的线索。确定角膜是通过角膜屈光手术还是圆锥角膜手术完成的，还需要其他补充方法。16 ~ 20岁健康男性角膜散光多为有规律型。个体角膜屈光度与眼睛散光具有一定的对称性。关键词:屈光;眼;角膜;散光;屈光计检查;体格检查;折光力

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Examination of corneal refractive power in Air Force pilot recruitment and discussion on its application value

Objective To discuss the value of applying corneal refractive power examination in Air Force pilot selection by analyzing the status of the check and the distribution of corneal astigmatism in candidates.Methods The refractive powers in corneal vertical and horizontal meridian were measured by Canon RK F1 full auto ref-keratometer for 5 172 eyes of 2 586 high school graduates who enrolled in final pilot selection.Mean corneal refractive power,corneal astigmatism,astigmatic axis and the difference of central refractive powers between two eyes of the same individual were calculated and the frequency distributions were described.The corneal astigmatism between two eyes of the same individual was compared.Results The mean corneal refractive power was (42.64± 1.23) D (range:37.95 to 47.31 D).The absolute value of the difference of corneal refractive powers between two eyes of the same individual was (0.20±0.18) D (range:0.00 to 2.53 D).The mean corneal astigmatism was (0.98±0.45) D (range:0.00 to 4.25 D).Astigmatism with rule,against rule and oblique astigmatism respectively took 96.83％,1.16％ and 2.01％.The difference of the corneal astigmatism between two eyes of the same individual was statistically significant (Z=-6.517,P＜0.05).The corneal astigmatism of left eyes was (1.00±0.46) D,a little higher than that of right eyes (0.96±0.45) D.Conclusion In Air Force pilot selection,corneal refractive power detected by full auto ref-keratometer provides a valuable clue in screening and identifying corneal refraction.Identifying if the cornea was done by kerato refractive surgery or keratoconus still needs other complemented methods.Most corneal astigmatism in healthy male aged from 16 to 20 yrs is the type with the rule.The individual corneal refractive power and astigmatism of eyes are symmetric to some extent. Key words: Refraction, ocular; Cornea; Astigmatism; Refractometry; Physical examination; Refractive power

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中华航空航天医学杂志航空航天医学

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期刊介绍： The aim of Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine is to combine theory and practice, improve and popularize, actively advocate a hundred flowers bloom and a hundred schools of thought contend, advocate seeking truth from facts, promote the development of the related disciplines of aerospace medicine and human efficiency, and promote the exchange and penetration of aerospace medicine and human efficiency with other biomedical and engineering specialties. Topics of interest for Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine include: -The content of the journal belongs to the discipline of special medicine and military medicine, with the characteristics of multidisciplinary synthesis and cross-penetration, and mainly reflected in the aerospace industry, aerospace flight safety and efficiency, as well as the synthesis of special medicine, preventive medicine, environmental medicine, psychology, etc. -Military aeromedicine (Air Force, Navy and Army aeromedicine) and civil aeromedicine, with a balance of aerospace medicine are the strengths of the journal. -The change in aerospace medicine from a focus on promoting physiological compensatory adaptations to enhancing human performance under extreme environmental conditions is what the journal is helping to promote. -The expansion of manuscripts in high altitude medicine is also a special emphasis of the journal.