凡纳滨对虾日粮中添加豆粕致伤的多角度分析

K. Peng, Jianqiang Qiu, Chaozheng Li, Huijie Lu, Z. Liu, Ding Liu, Wen-bo Huang
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摘要

豆粕被认为是凡纳滨对虾日粮的主要成分之一。然而,以往的研究大多集中在从生长、生理和饲料利用等方面评价豆粕对南美扁豆的影响;有关血清代谢物、抗氧化和免疫反应以及肠道微生物群分析的信息有限。配制5种饲粮,豆粕含量分别为20% (T20)、28% (T28)、35% (T35)、42% (T42)和50% (T50)。试验选取600尾对虾,随机分为20个池(每池30尾),每组4个池。42 d喂饱。结果表明:随着豆粕添加比例的增加,血清球蛋白、丙氨酸转氨酶和天冬氨酸转氨酶水平呈线性升高(p < 0.01),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平呈线性降低(p < 0.001)。添加豆粕可线性和二次提高对虾血清总抗氧化能力、丙二醛水平以及过氧化氢酶、一氧化氮合酶和酚氧化酶活性(p < 0.05)。T35、T42和T50的肝细胞表现为不同程度的空泡变性、肝小体萎缩和星形管腔损失。饲粮中添加豆粕在门水平上改变了肠道菌群的组成,特别是增加了其他菌属的丰度,而对其他菌属的影响很小,对细菌多样性没有显著影响。本研究提示,凡纳梅乳杆菌饲粮中添加浓度超过28%的豆粕可引起肝胰腺炎症和氧化损伤,增加肠道疾病的风险。
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A multi-angle analysis of injury induced by supplementation of soybean meal in Litopenaeus vannamei diets
Soybean meal is considered as one of the major components of Litopenaeus vannamei diets. However, most previous studies have focused on evaluating the effects of soybean meal on L. vannamei from the perspective of growth, physiology, and feed utilization; information regarding the analysis of serum metabolites, antioxidant and immune response, and intestinal microbiota is limited. Five diets were prepared, comprising 20% (T20), 28% (T28), 35% (T35), 42% (T42), and 50% (T50) soybean meal. A total of 600 shrimp were randomly distributed into 20 tanks (i.e., 30 shrimp per tank), with four tanks assigned to each dietary group. Shrimp were fed to apparent satiation during the 42-day feeding trial. The results showed that levels of serum globulin, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase linearly increased (p < 0.01), but levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol linearly decreased (p < 0.001) as the proportion of soybean meal in the diet increased. Supplementation of shrimp diets with soybean meal linearly and quadratically increased (p < 0.05) serum total antioxidant capacity, levels of malondialdehyde, and activities of catalase, nitric oxide synthase and phenoloxidase. Hepatocytes in T35, T42, and T50 were shown to have different degrees of vacuolar degeneration, hepatic corpuscle atrophy, and star-like lumen loss. Dietary inclusion of soybean meal altered the composition of intestinal bacterial microbiota at phylum level, especially increasing the abundance of on other bacterial genera, whereas it had minimal impact on other bacterial genera and had no significant influence on the bacterial diversity. This study suggests that dietary supplementation of L. vannamei diets with soybean meal at concentrations exceeding 28% induces inflammation and oxidant damage of the hepatopancreas, and increases the risk of intestinal disease.
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