带副产品的耕作和施肥制度对乌克兰西波兰冬小麦产量的影响

M. Furmanets, Y. S. Furmanets
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The highest plant productivity was formed by moldboard plowing to 20–22 cm and shallow tillage to 10–12 cm in fertilization variants with straw and straw + Ecostern destructor, in this case, the thousand grain weight was 47.1 and 47.9 and 46.4 and 47.0 g, the of grain weight per spike – 2.1 and 2.2 and 1.9 and 2.0 g. And lowest plant productivity was under surface tillage to 6–8 cm and various fertilization systems, where the thousand grain weight was 45.2–45.6 g, and the grain weight per spike 1.8–1.9 g. At moldboard and non-moldboard plowing to 10–12 cm and using straw + destructor, it was observed that an gluten content in winter wheat grain increased to 23.5 and 22.7 %, and protein content – to 12.9–11.7 % compared to with surface tillage, where these figures were 21.5 and 9.5 %, respectively. It was found that the moldboard plowing to 20–22 cm and shallow tillage to 10–12 cm was effective at winter wheat cultivation, which formed a higher grain yield – 6.80 and 6.32 t/ha. It was clarified that surface tillage to 6–8 cm caused a decrease in grain yield by 1.45 t/ha compared to the moldboard plowing. On average, over the research years, there was an increase in yield by 0.36 and 0.45 t/ha due to the use of straw as a fertilizer separately and in combination with the Ecostern destructor. By comparison, in the variant without straw, the yield was 5.89 t/ha on average by a factor. Consequently, we established that for winter wheat cultivation in the Western Polissia of Ukraine, it is expedient to carry out the moldboard plowing to 20–22 cm and the non-moldboard plowing to 10–12 cm and to use fertilization system with straw + Ecostern destructor + N 10 kg (ammonium nitrate) per 1 ton of straw. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

以深灰色灰化土为研究材料,采用冬油菜-冬小麦-玉米-春大麦四田短期轮作,确定了副产物耕作和施肥制度对冬小麦产量影响的特殊性。在矿质肥料N128P90K120 kg/ha轮作面积的基础上,研究了3种耕作制度(20 ~ 22 cm的非垄作、10 ~ 12 cm的浅耕和6 ~ 8 cm的表面耕作)和作物副产品施肥制度。秸秆和秸秆+西部施害剂施肥变异中,耕层翻耕至20 ~ 22 cm,浅耕至10 ~ 12 cm的植株生产力最高,千粒重分别为47.1、47.9、46.4、47.0 g,穗粒重分别为2.1、2.2和1.9、2.0 g。不同施肥制度下植株生产力最低,千粒重为45.2 ~ 45.6 g,穗粒重为1.8 ~ 1.9 g。在翻耕10 ~ 12 cm时,秸秆+除害剂对冬小麦籽粒面筋含量和蛋白质含量的影响分别比地表翻耕的21.5%和9.5%提高了23.5%和22.7%,蛋白质含量提高了12.9 ~ 11.7%。结果表明,在冬小麦栽培中,垄作20 ~ 22 cm和浅耕10 ~ 12 cm较为有效,籽粒产量分别为6.80和6.32 t/ha。结果表明,表层耕作至6 ~ 8 cm时,籽粒产量比垄作减少1.45 t/ hm2。在研究年份中,秸秆单独施肥和与西部施毁剂联合施用,平均增产0.36 t/公顷和0.45 t/公顷。相比之下,无秸秆品种的单产平均为5.89 t/公顷。因此,我们确定,在乌克兰西波兰的冬小麦栽培中,20-22 cm为秸秆翻耕,10 - 12 cm为非秸秆翻耕,每吨秸秆施用秸秆+ ecwestern除草剂+氮肥10 kg(硝酸铵)的施肥制度较为适宜。关键词:冬小麦,耕作,肥料,产量,破坏者
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Influence of tillage and fertilization systems with by-products use on the winter wheat productivity in Western Polissia of Ukraine
The peculiarities of influence of tillage and fertilization systems with use of by-products on the winter wheat productivity were established by research, which was conducted on dark gray podzolic soil the in a four-field short-term crop rotation (winter rape - winter wheat – maize – spring barley). We studied three tillage systems (nonmoldboard plowing to 20–22 cm, shallow tillage to 10–12 cm, and surface tillage to 6–8 cm) and fertilization system with the use of crop by-products on the background of mineral fertilizers N128P90K120 kg/ha of crop rotation area. The highest plant productivity was formed by moldboard plowing to 20–22 cm and shallow tillage to 10–12 cm in fertilization variants with straw and straw + Ecostern destructor, in this case, the thousand grain weight was 47.1 and 47.9 and 46.4 and 47.0 g, the of grain weight per spike – 2.1 and 2.2 and 1.9 and 2.0 g. And lowest plant productivity was under surface tillage to 6–8 cm and various fertilization systems, where the thousand grain weight was 45.2–45.6 g, and the grain weight per spike 1.8–1.9 g. At moldboard and non-moldboard plowing to 10–12 cm and using straw + destructor, it was observed that an gluten content in winter wheat grain increased to 23.5 and 22.7 %, and protein content – to 12.9–11.7 % compared to with surface tillage, where these figures were 21.5 and 9.5 %, respectively. It was found that the moldboard plowing to 20–22 cm and shallow tillage to 10–12 cm was effective at winter wheat cultivation, which formed a higher grain yield – 6.80 and 6.32 t/ha. It was clarified that surface tillage to 6–8 cm caused a decrease in grain yield by 1.45 t/ha compared to the moldboard plowing. On average, over the research years, there was an increase in yield by 0.36 and 0.45 t/ha due to the use of straw as a fertilizer separately and in combination with the Ecostern destructor. By comparison, in the variant without straw, the yield was 5.89 t/ha on average by a factor. Consequently, we established that for winter wheat cultivation in the Western Polissia of Ukraine, it is expedient to carry out the moldboard plowing to 20–22 cm and the non-moldboard plowing to 10–12 cm and to use fertilization system with straw + Ecostern destructor + N 10 kg (ammonium nitrate) per 1 ton of straw. Key words: winter wheat, tillage, fertilizers, yield, destructor.
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