核物理的应用

IF 19 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Reports on Progress in Physics Pub Date : 2017-01-10 DOI:10.1088/1361-6633/80/2/026301
A. Hayes
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引用次数: 18

摘要

今天,核物理学的应用跨越了非常广泛的主题和领域。这篇综述讨论了这些应用的一些方面,包括核反应堆物理、核聚变、核不扩散、核地球物理和核医学中的选定主题和概念。这篇综述首先对早期应用核物理学进行了历史性的总结,重点是第二次世界大战前后发生的巨大发展,这些发展奠定了核爆炸、受控核能和核聚变设计所涉及的物理学的基础。然后,审查将重点放在这些概念的现代应用上,包括为核爆炸取证而开发的基本概念和诊断方法、国家点火设施的核诊断方法、核反应堆保障措施以及对核材料生产和贩运的探测。综述了核地球物理和核医学的最新进展。讨论的核地球物理领域包括地质年代学、工业核测井、奥克洛反应堆和地球中微子。核医学部分总结了核成像的关键进展,包括PET和SPECT成像,靶向放射性核素治疗以及医用同位素生产的核物理学。所讨论的每个子领域都需要一篇综述文章,这不是当前综述的意图;更确切地说,当前的评论是为希望对应用核物理学有广泛了解的读者准备的。
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Applications of nuclear physics
Today the applications of nuclear physics span a very broad range of topics and fields. This review discusses a number of aspects of these applications, including selected topics and concepts in nuclear reactor physics, nuclear fusion, nuclear non-proliferation, nuclear-geophysics, and nuclear medicine. The review begins with a historic summary of the early years in applied nuclear physics, with an emphasis on the huge developments that took place around the time of World War II, and that underlie the physics involved in designs of nuclear explosions, controlled nuclear energy, and nuclear fusion. The review then moves to focus on modern applications of these concepts, including the basic concepts and diagnostics developed for the forensics of nuclear explosions, the nuclear diagnostics at the National Ignition Facility, nuclear reactor safeguards, and the detection of nuclear material production and trafficking. The review also summarizes recent developments in nuclear geophysics and nuclear medicine. The nuclear geophysics areas discussed include geo-chronology, nuclear logging for industry, the Oklo reactor, and geo-neutrinos. The section on nuclear medicine summarizes the critical advances in nuclear imaging, including PET and SPECT imaging, targeted radionuclide therapy, and the nuclear physics of medical isotope production. Each subfield discussed requires a review article unto itself, which is not the intention of the current review; rather, the current review is intended for readers who wish to get a broad understanding of applied nuclear physics.
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来源期刊
Reports on Progress in Physics
Reports on Progress in Physics 物理-物理:综合
CiteScore
31.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
45
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Reports on Progress in Physics is a highly selective journal with a mission to publish ground-breaking new research and authoritative invited reviews of the highest quality and significance across all areas of physics and related areas. Articles must be essential reading for specialists, and likely to be of broader multidisciplinary interest with the expectation for long-term scientific impact and influence on the current state and/or future direction of a field.
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