水稻种子淹水耐缺氧的分子机制及其在水稻生物技术中的意义

M. K. Adak, Abir Das, Ankita Kundu, Mitali Chatterjee, M. Hasanuzzaman
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摘要

稻田淹水造成淹没胁迫,造成缺氧是农业中的难题。这种缺氧状态下的种子面临着发酵呼吸,其最终产物将毒害组织的生存能力。在直接播种的水稻栽培中,由于乳酸盐作为一种毒物的积累,这种情况更为严重。本文综述了种子耐氧性的基本认识,以及通过基因表达前的代谢修饰来减少缺氧休克的可能策略。缺氧萌发主要关注淀粉代谢和下游生理实现,以促进逃避或静止策略,克服淹没胁迫。面临低氧胁迫的胚芽鞘与氧化性状、能量代谢转录本和支持能量代谢的膜过氧化蛋白配对是最重要的。低氧基因从传统籼稻和粳稻陆地品种中恢复,表现出糖酵解通量和糖感知的变化。缺氧萌发和幼苗活力是氧化应激和发酵分解代谢共同调控的结果。在这种条件下,新生抗氧化剂和抗氧化酶的产生可以促进种子萌发。收获前喷浆与种皮诱导的休眠、激素比率和水解是值得关注的。因此,综合分析旨在了解水稻种子启动对更好的气体交换、扩散、温度敏感性、离子吸收、氧化还原平衡等方面的影响。尽管如此,为了更好地理解生理和分子基础,利用多组学方法更好地启动种子,以克服缺氧/缺氧的启示,人们仍在等待深入的见解。
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Molecular Mechanisms in Understanding Anoxia Tolerance in Rice Seeds under Submergence and Their Implication in Rice Biotechnology
Submergence in rice fields creating inundation stress and realizing anoxia or hypoxia is a problem in agriculture. Seeds under this oxygen deficit are faced with fermentative respiration, where the end product would be poisoning the tissue viability. This is more aggravated in direct seeded rice cultivation with the accumulation of lactate as a poison. This review is concerned with the basic insights into anoxia tolerance in seeds and possible strategies to reduce anoxic shock through the modification of metabolism preceded by gene expression. The major concern of anoxic germination is starch metabolism and downstream physiological realization to facilitate escape or quiescence strategy, overcoming submergence stress. The coleoptiles facing hypoxic stress mated with transcripts for oxidative traits, energy metabolism, and proteins for membrane peroxidation in support of energy metabolism are the most important. Hypoxic genes are recovered from traditional indica and japonica land races of rice, and show changes in glycolytic flux and sugar sensing. Anoxic germination and seedling vigor are based on a combinational regulation of oxidative stress and fermentative catabolism. De novo antioxidant and antioxidative enzyme production can support improved seed germination in this condition. Pre-harvest spouting with seed-coat-induced dormancy, hormonal ratios, and hydrolyses would be of concern. Therefore, comprehensive analysis aimed to understand rice seed priming for better gas exchange, diffusion, temperature sensitivity, ion uptake, redox balance, and others. Still, in-depth insights are being awaited for better understanding the physiological and molecular basis using a multi-omics approach for better seed priming to overcome the anoxic/hypoxic revelation mostly acquainted with submergence stress.
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