从农业思想史来看

Avtandil Silagadze
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引用次数: 1

摘要

农业长期以来一直被认为是埃及、巴比伦、中国、印度的主要生产领域……我们仍然拥有关于这一领域管理问题的最宝贵的资料,这并非偶然,这些资料至今仍未失去其敏感性。该研究主要以古代国家,特别是罗马为例,分析了问题的各个方面。对柏拉图来说,主要的是:自然农田的存在,一切都是按需生产的;土地是主要的标志——“母亲”,是“理想状态”的财产。关于农业的作用,色诺芬有类似的观点,他首先使用了“经济学”一词,亚里士多德的所有权是“经济科学”一词;大庄园式农业研究的问题在古罗马得到了特别的关注,罗马思想家的专家们清楚地概述了农业的主要领域,以及从中获得的收入——是最神圣的;最有效的产品在销售市场附近;畜牧业、葡萄栽培和园艺的重要性占据了前景;农学的目的是研究土壤成分,选择土地加工工具和土地耕作的有利时机;在土地耕作中使用额外的工作确保获得剩余产品……尽管有历史经验,不幸的是,后苏联格鲁吉亚不太关注实体经济的发展,包括农业部门。
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From the history of agrarian thought

Agriculture has long been recognized as the main field of production in Egypt, Babylon, China, India … It is not accidental that we still have the most precious materials on the issues of management of this sphere, which have not lost their sensitivity to the present day. The study analyzes the individual aspects of the problem mainly on the example of ancient countries, particularly Rome. Based on the conclusion: For Platon the main thing is: The existence of natural farmland where everything is made according to demand; The land is the main sign - “mother”, which is the property of the “ideal state”. About the role of farming, Xenophon had a similar view, who first used the term “economics” and Aristotle, whose ownership is the term “economic science”; The issues of Latifundian agrarian farming research gained particular attention to Antiquity in Rome, where the specialists of Roman thinkers clearly outlined that the main field of agriculture, and the income derived from it - is the most sacred; The most effective product is near the selling markets; The importance of livestock, viticulture and gardening took place in the foreground; The objective of the science of farming is to study soil composition, selection of favorable time for land-processing tools and land cultivation; Additional work used in land cultivation ensures receiving of surplus product … Despite the experience of history, unfortunately, in post-Soviet Georgia does not pay much attention to the development of real economy, including agriculture sector.

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