LQI controllers for a ladder converter modeled by generalized equivalent continuous model

This article presents a study of a design of four controllers to a ladder converter modeled by the generalized equivalent continuous model. Two controllers are designed minimizing the energy of the input and minimizing the states; and the other two controllers are designed minimizing the changes in the input, and the states. Also, the article shows a Kalman filter with shaping noise filter to estimate the states of the system. The use of a Kalman filter with shaping noise filter is necessary because the output voltage presents a high ripple. The shaping noise filter is designed with the three highest harmonics components of the output voltage. The article shows the simulation results of the controllers with changes in the voltage reference, disturbance in the input voltage, and changes in the load.