Anesthetic Challenges in a Child with Pulmonary Agenesis: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Pulmonary agenesis is a rare congenital anomaly, which results in a complete absence in the development of lung tissue, bronchi, and pulmonary vessels. Pulmonary agenesis can occur on its own or it can often be found in conjunction with other congenital defects as part of VACTERL association. Anesthesia for patients with pulmonary agenesis can be challenging particularly when other defects or comorbidities exist. Here, we describe the successful anesthetic and ventilation management of a pediatric patient with right-sided unilateral pulmonary agenesis with VACTERL association.