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{"title":"k-广义拟树广义形式Kulli-Basava指数的锐界","authors":"Sheeba Afridi, Muhammad Yasin Khan, G. Ali, Murtaza Ali, Irfan Nurhidayat, M. A. Arefin","doi":"10.1155/2023/7567411","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>Molecular descriptors are a basic tool in the spectral graph, molecular chemistry, and various other fields of mathematics and chemistry. Kulli–Basava <jats:inline-formula>\n <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n <mfenced open=\"(\" close=\")\" separators=\"|\">\n <mrow>\n <mi mathvariant=\"double-struck\">K</mi>\n <mi mathvariant=\"fraktur\">B</mi>\n </mrow>\n </mfenced>\n </math>\n </jats:inline-formula> indices were initiated for chemical applications of various substances in chemistry. For simple graph <jats:inline-formula>\n <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n <mi>G</mi>\n </math>\n </jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula>\n <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n <mi mathvariant=\"double-struck\">K</mi>\n <mi mathvariant=\"fraktur\">B</mi>\n </math>\n </jats:inline-formula> indices in generalized forms are <jats:inline-formula>\n <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\n <mi mathvariant=\"double-struck\">K</mi>\n <msubsup>\n <mrow>\n <mi mathvariant=\"fraktur\">B</mi>\n </mrow>\n <mrow>\n <mn>1</mn>\n </mrow>\n <mrow>\n <mi mathvariant=\"normal\">ϱ</mi>\n </mrow>\n </msubsup>\n <mfenced open=\"(\" close=\")\" separators=\"|\">\n <mrow>\n <mi>G</mi>\n </mrow>\n </mfenced>\n <mo>=</mo>\n <mrow>\n <msub>\n <mrow>\n <mstyle displaystyle=\"true\">\n <mo stretchy=\"false\">∑</mo>\n </mstyle>\n </mrow>\n <mrow>\n <mi>g</mi>\n <mi>h</mi>\n <mo>∈</mo>\n <mi>E</mi>\n <mrow>\n <mfenced open=\"(\" close=\")\" separators=\"|\">\n <mrow>\n <mi>G</mi>\n </mrow>\n </mfenced>\n </mrow>\n </mrow>\n </msub>\n <msup>\n <mrow>\n <mfenced open=\"(\" close=\")\" separators=\"|\">\n <mrow>\n <msub>\n <mrow>\n <mi mathvariant=\"double-struck\">S</mi>\n </mrow>\n <mrow>\n <mi>e</mi>\n </mrow>\n </msub>\n <mrow>\n <mfenced open=\"(\" close=\")\" separators=\"|\">\n <mrow>\n <mi>g</mi>\n </mrow>\n </mfenced>\n </mrow>\n <mo>+</mo>\n <msub>\n <mrow>\n <mi mathvariant=\"double-struck\">S</mi>\n </mrow>\n <mrow>\n <mi>e</mi>\n </mrow>\n </msub>\n <mrow>\n <mfenced open=\"(\" close=\")\" separators=\"|\">\n <mrow>\n <mi>h</mi>\n </mrow>\n </mfenced>\n </mrow>\n </mrow>\n </mfenced>\n </mrow>\n <mrow>\n <mi mathvariant=\"normal\">ϱ</mi>\n </mrow>\n </msup>\n </mrow>\n </math>\n </jats:inline-formula> and <jats:inline-formula>\n <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M5\">\n <mi mathvariant=\"double-struck\">K</mi>\n <msubsup>\n <mrow>\n <mi mathvariant=\"fraktur\">B</mi>\n </mrow>\n <mrow>\n <mn>2</mn>\n </mrow>\n <mrow>\n <mi mathvariant=\"normal\">ϱ</mi>\n </mrow>\n </msubsup>\n <mfenced open=\"(\" close=\")\" separators=\"|\">\n <mrow>\n <mi>G</mi>\n </mrow>\n </mfenced>\n <mo>=</mo>\n <mrow>\n <msub>\n <mrow>\n <mstyle displaystyle=\"true\">\n <mo stretchy=\"false\">∑</mo>\n </mstyle>\n </mrow>\n <mrow>\n <mi>g</mi>\n <mi>h</mi>\n <mo>∈</mo>\n <mi>E</mi>\n <mrow>\n <mfenced open=\"(\" close=\")\" separators=\"|\">\n <mrow>\n <mi>G</mi>\n </mrow>\n </mfenced>\n </mrow>\n </mrow>\n </msub>\n <msup>\n <mrow>\n <mfenced open=\"(\" close=\")\" separators=\"|\">\n <mrow>\n <msub>\n <mrow>\n <mi mathvariant=\"double-struck\">S</mi>\n </mrow>\n <mrow>\n <mi>e</mi>\n </mrow>\n </msub>\n <mrow>\n <mfenced open=\"(\" close=\")\" separators=\"|\">\n <mrow>\n <mi>g</mi>\n </mrow>\n </mfenced>\n </mrow>\n <mo>.</mo>\n <msub>\n <mrow>\n <mi mathvariant=\"double-struck\">S</mi>\n </mrow>\n <mrow>\n <mi>e</mi>\n </mrow>\n </msub>\n <mrow>\n <mfenced open=\"(\" close=\")\" separators=\"|\">\n <mrow>\n <mi>h</mi>\n </mrow>\n </mfenced>\n </mrow>\n </mrow>\n </mfenced>\n </mrow>\n <mrow>\n <mi mathvariant=\"normal\">ϱ</mi>\n </mrow>\n </msup>\n </mrow>\n </math>\n </jats:inline-formula>, where <jats:inline-formula>\n <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" id=\"M6\">\n <msub>\n <mrow>\n <mi mathvariant=\"double-struck\">S</mi>\n </mrow>\n <mrow>\n <mi>e</mi>\n </mrow>\n </msub>\n <mfenced open=\"(\" close=\")\" separators=\"|\">\n <mrow>\n ","PeriodicalId":43667,"journal":{"name":"Muenster Journal of Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7000,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Sharp Bounds of Kulli–Basava Indices in Generalized Form for k-Generalized Quasi Trees\",\"authors\":\"Sheeba Afridi, Muhammad Yasin Khan, G. Ali, Murtaza Ali, Irfan Nurhidayat, M. A. Arefin\",\"doi\":\"10.1155/2023/7567411\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<jats:p>Molecular descriptors are a basic tool in the spectral graph, molecular chemistry, and various other fields of mathematics and chemistry. Kulli–Basava <jats:inline-formula>\\n <math xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\" id=\\\"M1\\\">\\n <mfenced open=\\\"(\\\" close=\\\")\\\" separators=\\\"|\\\">\\n <mrow>\\n <mi mathvariant=\\\"double-struck\\\">K</mi>\\n <mi mathvariant=\\\"fraktur\\\">B</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n </mfenced>\\n </math>\\n </jats:inline-formula> indices were initiated for chemical applications of various substances in chemistry. For simple graph <jats:inline-formula>\\n <math xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\" id=\\\"M2\\\">\\n <mi>G</mi>\\n </math>\\n </jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula>\\n <math xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\" id=\\\"M3\\\">\\n <mi mathvariant=\\\"double-struck\\\">K</mi>\\n <mi mathvariant=\\\"fraktur\\\">B</mi>\\n </math>\\n </jats:inline-formula> indices in generalized forms are <jats:inline-formula>\\n <math xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\" id=\\\"M4\\\">\\n <mi mathvariant=\\\"double-struck\\\">K</mi>\\n <msubsup>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi mathvariant=\\\"fraktur\\\">B</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n <mrow>\\n <mn>1</mn>\\n </mrow>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi mathvariant=\\\"normal\\\">ϱ</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n </msubsup>\\n <mfenced open=\\\"(\\\" close=\\\")\\\" separators=\\\"|\\\">\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>G</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n </mfenced>\\n <mo>=</mo>\\n <mrow>\\n <msub>\\n <mrow>\\n <mstyle displaystyle=\\\"true\\\">\\n <mo stretchy=\\\"false\\\">∑</mo>\\n </mstyle>\\n </mrow>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>g</mi>\\n <mi>h</mi>\\n <mo>∈</mo>\\n <mi>E</mi>\\n <mrow>\\n <mfenced open=\\\"(\\\" close=\\\")\\\" separators=\\\"|\\\">\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>G</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n </mfenced>\\n </mrow>\\n </mrow>\\n </msub>\\n <msup>\\n <mrow>\\n <mfenced open=\\\"(\\\" close=\\\")\\\" separators=\\\"|\\\">\\n <mrow>\\n <msub>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi mathvariant=\\\"double-struck\\\">S</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>e</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n </msub>\\n <mrow>\\n <mfenced open=\\\"(\\\" close=\\\")\\\" separators=\\\"|\\\">\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>g</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n </mfenced>\\n </mrow>\\n <mo>+</mo>\\n <msub>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi mathvariant=\\\"double-struck\\\">S</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>e</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n </msub>\\n <mrow>\\n <mfenced open=\\\"(\\\" close=\\\")\\\" separators=\\\"|\\\">\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>h</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n </mfenced>\\n </mrow>\\n </mrow>\\n </mfenced>\\n </mrow>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi mathvariant=\\\"normal\\\">ϱ</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n </msup>\\n </mrow>\\n </math>\\n </jats:inline-formula> and <jats:inline-formula>\\n <math xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\" id=\\\"M5\\\">\\n <mi mathvariant=\\\"double-struck\\\">K</mi>\\n <msubsup>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi mathvariant=\\\"fraktur\\\">B</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n <mrow>\\n <mn>2</mn>\\n </mrow>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi mathvariant=\\\"normal\\\">ϱ</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n </msubsup>\\n <mfenced open=\\\"(\\\" close=\\\")\\\" separators=\\\"|\\\">\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>G</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n </mfenced>\\n <mo>=</mo>\\n <mrow>\\n <msub>\\n <mrow>\\n <mstyle displaystyle=\\\"true\\\">\\n <mo stretchy=\\\"false\\\">∑</mo>\\n </mstyle>\\n </mrow>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>g</mi>\\n <mi>h</mi>\\n <mo>∈</mo>\\n <mi>E</mi>\\n <mrow>\\n <mfenced open=\\\"(\\\" close=\\\")\\\" separators=\\\"|\\\">\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>G</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n </mfenced>\\n </mrow>\\n </mrow>\\n </msub>\\n <msup>\\n <mrow>\\n <mfenced open=\\\"(\\\" close=\\\")\\\" separators=\\\"|\\\">\\n <mrow>\\n <msub>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi mathvariant=\\\"double-struck\\\">S</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>e</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n </msub>\\n <mrow>\\n <mfenced open=\\\"(\\\" close=\\\")\\\" separators=\\\"|\\\">\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>g</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n </mfenced>\\n </mrow>\\n <mo>.</mo>\\n <msub>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi mathvariant=\\\"double-struck\\\">S</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>e</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n </msub>\\n <mrow>\\n <mfenced open=\\\"(\\\" close=\\\")\\\" separators=\\\"|\\\">\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>h</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n </mfenced>\\n </mrow>\\n </mrow>\\n </mfenced>\\n </mrow>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi mathvariant=\\\"normal\\\">ϱ</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n </msup>\\n </mrow>\\n </math>\\n </jats:inline-formula>, where <jats:inline-formula>\\n <math xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\" id=\\\"M6\\\">\\n <msub>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi mathvariant=\\\"double-struck\\\">S</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n <mrow>\\n <mi>e</mi>\\n </mrow>\\n </msub>\\n <mfenced open=\\\"(\\\" close=\\\")\\\" separators=\\\"|\\\">\\n <mrow>\\n \",\"PeriodicalId\":43667,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Muenster Journal of Mathematics\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.7000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-05-19\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Muenster Journal of Mathematics\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7567411\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"MATHEMATICS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Muenster Journal of Mathematics","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7567411","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MATHEMATICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
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