Pharmacological Activities of the Nelabevu/Bhunimba Aka Andrographis paniculata

Andrographis paniculata, commonly known as Nelabevu, Bhunimba, Chirayetah, Kalmegh, or Creat, is a plant with extensive traditional use in Asian medicines. Its historical application, particularly in conditions related to blood irregularities, has driven contemporary scientific investigations into its therapeutic potential. This review summarizes the diverse aspects of Andrographis paniculata's traditional uses and modern applications, covering its effectiveness in respiratory infections, hepatoprotection, cardiovascular effects, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities, hypoglycemic effects, and reproductive influences. The plant's active constituents, such as andrographolide, flavonoids, and diterpenoids, contribute to its pharmacological actions. However, critical evaluation and further research are essential to confirm its clinical benefits and mechanisms of action. The extensive range of its effects and the multiple active compounds highlight the plant's significance in modern herbal medicine and warrant continued exploration.