城市废物处理重金属对环境污染的影响:伊朗托内卡邦的个案研究

Aziz Azizpour, Mohammad Azarafza, H. Akgün
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引用次数: 8

摘要

城市固体废物处理被认为是环境污染最重要的风险之一,需要制定战略,以减少对生态系统的破坏性后果,特别是与重金属积累有关的破坏性后果。本研究调查了伊朗西北部托内卡邦地区与城市垃圾处理有关的重金属(As、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn)的积累情况,并评价了里海沿岸地区的环境影响。为此,对研究区5个站点(A1、A2、A3、A4和A5)的50份土壤样品进行实地考察和采集,对土壤样品进行了地球化学测试(电感耦合等离子体质谱法、原子吸收光谱法和x射线荧光法),并利用测试结果估算了土壤污染指数(地积累指数、归一化富集系数、污染系数、污染负荷指数)。利用所得指标对垃圾填埋场的生态毒理学风险水平进行评价,表明该市已受到Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn的严重污染。这些水平沿着河流向近岸地区发展,表明土壤退化的吸收。研究区重金属污染程度从未污染到重度污染,表明研究区重金属污染严重,与Tonekabon的城市生活垃圾处理有关。
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The impact of municipal waste disposal of heavy metals on environmental pollution: A case study for Tonekabon, Iran
unicipal solid waste disposal is considered as one of the most important risks for environmental contamination which necessitates the development of strategies to reduce destructive consequences on the ecosystem as related especially to heavy metal accumulation. This study investigates heavy metal (i.e., As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) accumulation in the Tonekabon region, NW of Iran that is related to city waste disposal and evaluates the environmental impact in the Caspian Sea coastal region. For this purpose, after performing field studies and collecting 50 soil specimens from 5 sites of the study area, geochemical tests (i.e., inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, atomic absorption spectroscopy and x-ray fluorescence) were conducted on the soil specimens collected from the 5 sites (named as Sites A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5) and the results were used to estimate the pollution indices (i.e., geo-accumulation index, normalized enrichment factor, contamination factor, and pollution load index). The obtained indices were utilized to assess the eco-toxicological risk level in the landfill site which indicated that the city has been severely contaminated by Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn. These levels have been developed along the stream towards the nearshore areas indicating uptake of soil degradation. The heavy metal contamination was classified to range from unpolluted to highly polluted, which indicated serious heavy metal pollution in the study area as related to municipal solid waste disposal in Tonekabon.
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