褪黑素在保护细胞免受电离辐射损伤中的抗氧化作用。

M. Karbownik, Russel J. Reiter
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引用次数: 351

摘要

电离辐射被列为强致癌物,其对活细胞的损伤在很大程度上是由于氧化应激。据报道,最常被电离辐射破坏的分子是DNA。羟基自由基(*OH)被认为是生物体产生的所有自由基中最具破坏性的,通常是电离辐射引起DNA损伤的原因。褪黑素,n -乙酰-5-甲氧基色胺,是一种众所周知的抗氧化剂,可以保护DNA、脂质和蛋白质免受自由基的损害。吲哚胺通过直接或间接地刺激抗氧化酶的活性和清除自由基来表现其抗氧化特性。在已知的抗氧化剂中,褪黑激素是*OH的高效清除剂。褪黑素在生物体中无处不在,据我们所知,它存在于所有的细胞区室中,并能迅速穿过所有的生物膜。褪黑素对电离辐射引起的氧化应激的保护作用已经在不同物种的体外和体内研究以及使用人体组织的体外实验中被记录下来,以及当褪黑素被给予人体,然后收集组织并受到电离辐射。褪黑素对氧化应激引起的细胞损伤具有辐射保护作用,其低毒性使其成为治疗或协同治疗中电离辐射影响最小化的潜在补充。
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Antioxidative effects of melatonin in protection against cellular damage caused by ionizing radiation.
Ionizing radiation is classified as a potent carcinogen, and its injury to living cells is, to a large extent, due to oxidative stress. The molecule most often reported to be damaged by ionizing radiation is DNA. Hydroxyl radicals (*OH), considered the most damaging of all free radicals generated in organisms, are often responsible for DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation. Melatonin, N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, is a well-known antioxidant that protects DNA, lipids, and proteins from free-radical damage. The indoleamine manifests its antioxidative properties by stimulating the activities of antioxidant enzymes and scavenging free radicals directly or indirectly. Among known antioxidants, melatonin is a highly effective scavenger of *OH. Melatonin is distributed ubiquitously in organisms and, as far as is known, in all cellular compartments, and it quickly passes through all biological membranes. The protective effects of melatonin against oxidative stress caused by ionizing radiation have been documented in in vitro and in vivo studies in different species and in in vitro experiments that used human tissues, as well as when melatonin was given to humans and then tissues collected and subjected to ionizing radiation. The radioprotective effects of melatonin against cellular damage caused by oxidative stress and its low toxicity make this molecule a potential supplement in the treatment or co-treatment in situations where the effects of ionizing radiation are to be minimized.
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