JMM Profile: Sindbis virus, a cause of febrile illness and arthralgia.

Sindbis virus (SINV) is the causative agent of a febrile infection commonly called Ockelbo disease, Pogosta disease or Karelian fever in northern Europe. Finland, Sweden, Russia and South Africa experience periodic SINV outbreaks. SINV is classified within the family Togaviridae and genus Alphavirus. Symptoms of SINV infection in humans include joint inflammation and pain, fever, rash and fatigue. In some cases, joint symptoms can persist for years after recovery from the initial infection. Clinical signs of SINV infection are rarely reported in animals, although infection in horses has been documented. There is no specific treatment or vaccination. The virus is transmitted by mosquitoes, particularly those belonging to the Culex genus, but Aedes, Culiseta or Mansonia species may also act as vectors. Wild birds act as amplifying hosts and are implicated in the long-distance spread of the virus.