Process systems engineering tools for the water–energy–food nexus: challenges and opportunities

The interplay of water, energy, and food resources, which are essential for human sustenance, symbolizes a complex challenge involving social, engineering, and environmental aspects. The water–energy–food (WEF) nexus, surpassing traditional process systems engineering (PSE), underscores the interconnectedness of resource decisions. Efficient WEF nexus management demands a comprehensive approach encompassing environmental, social, economic, and technical dimensions. PSE tools are vital in shaping this nexus, facilitating a deeper resource interaction and promoting sustainability. This opinion article introduces a novel classification for WEF-specific PSE, advocating for a holistic approach that acknowledges dynamic resource interdependencies. Innovative strategies addressing WEF challenges are proposed, leveraging advanced computational solutions that enhance the nexus models' realism. This trajectory promises insights into nexus intricacies and reflects a shared commitment to harmonize resource coexistence. As we explore the interrelation between water, energy, and food, a path emerges toward the alignment of human and environmental needs, offering a sustainable world trajectory.