Empathy in Nursing Students: A Scoping Review.

Purpose: Empathy is essential for nursing students as they progress through their education. To date, few review studies explored empathy in nursing students. This review examined empathy in nursing students, including how to promote empathy, factors contributing to empathy, and the evaluation of empathy. Design: The eligible population included undergraduate nursing students. The concept of interest was empathy related to nursing students. The context was undergraduate nursing programs. Eligible studies included quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method studies. The protocol was registered in Open Science Framework (OSF). Review Methods: Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers' Manual guided this scoping review protocol. MEDLINE with Full text (EBSCO), Scopus, ScienceDirect (Elsevier), and PubMed were used for the electronic database search. The findings were analyzed with descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Findings: A total of 94 articles were included for analysis. Three main themes emerged: (1) approaches to promoting empathy, (2) contributing factors to empathy, and (3) evaluation of empathy. Conclusions: Empathy is cultivated in nursing in numerous ways, highlighting the need to incorporate it into the nursing curriculum. There is also controversy regarding the relationship between empathy and individual characteristics. This finding highlights the need for more effective empathy-promoting educational training that considers these personal characteristics.