Perceived Neighborhood Conditions, Psychosocial Factors, and Sleep Problems Among Urban and Rural Older Adults in China.

Objectives: To examine the associations between perceived neighborhood conditions and older Chinese adults' sleep problems, and whether these associations are mediated by psychosocial factors and moderated by urban-rural residence.

Methods: Data were from the World Health Organization Study on global Ageing and Adult Health. We used OLS, binary, and multinomial logistic regression analyses. Karlson-Holm-Breen decomposition method was used to test mediation effects.

Results: Positively perceived neighborhood social cohesion was associated with fewer insomnia symptoms and decreased odds of poor sleep quality, sleepiness, lethargy, and short sleep duration. Positively perceived neighborhood safety was related to decreased risks of poor sleep quality and sleepiness. Depression and perceived control partially mediated the effects of perceived neighborhood on sleep. Furthermore, the protective effects of neighborhood cohesion against sleep problems were more pronounced among older urban adults than their rural counterparts.

Discussion: Interventions that make neighborhoods safer and more integrated will improve late-life sleep health.