Extracellular vesicles: cross-organismal RNA trafficking in plants, microbes, and mammalian cells.

Qiang Cai, Lida Halilovic, Ting Shi, Angela Chen, Baoye He, Huaitong Wu, Hailing Jin
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引用次数: 6

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed nanometer-scale particles that transport biological materials such as RNAs, proteins, and metabolites. EVs have been discovered in nearly all kingdoms of life as a form of cellular communication across different cells and between interacting organisms. EV research has primarily focused on EV-mediated intra-organismal transport in mammals, which has led to the characterization of a plethora of EV contents from diverse cell types with distinct and impactful physiological effects. In contrast, research into EV-mediated transport in plants has focused on inter-organismal interactions between plants and interacting microbes. However, the overall molecular content and functions of plant and microbial EVs remain largely unknown. Recent studies into the plant-pathogen interface have demonstrated that plants produce and secrete EVs that transport small RNAs into pathogen cells to silence virulence-related genes. Plant-interacting microbes such as bacteria and fungi also secrete EVs which transport proteins, metabolites, and potentially RNAs into plant cells to enhance their virulence. This review will focus on recent advances in EV-mediated communications in plant-pathogen interactions compared to the current state of knowledge of mammalian EV capabilities and highlight the role of EVs in cross-kingdom RNA interference.

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细胞外囊泡:植物、微生物和哺乳动物细胞中的跨生物RNA运输。
细胞外囊泡(EVs)是膜封闭的纳米级颗粒,可运输生物材料,如rna、蛋白质和代谢物。在几乎所有的生命王国中都发现了电动汽车,作为不同细胞之间和相互作用的生物体之间的细胞通信形式。EV研究主要集中在哺乳动物中EV介导的体内运输,这导致了来自不同细胞类型的大量EV含量的表征,这些细胞类型具有不同的和有影响的生理效应。相比之下,对植物中ev介导的转运的研究主要集中在植物与相互作用的微生物之间的生物间相互作用。然而,植物和微生物电动汽车的整体分子含量和功能在很大程度上仍然未知。最近对植物-病原体界面的研究表明,植物产生并分泌ev,将小rna转运到病原体细胞中,以沉默毒力相关基因。与植物相互作用的微生物,如细菌和真菌,也会分泌ev,将蛋白质、代谢物和潜在的rna转运到植物细胞中,以增强其毒力。本文将重点介绍EV介导的植物-病原体相互作用通讯的最新进展,并将其与哺乳动物EV能力的现状进行比较,并强调EV在跨界RNA干扰中的作用。
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