Precise Zoological Information: The Concilium Bibliographicum, 1895–1940

Michael K. Buckland, Colin B. Burke
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Abstract

EDITOR'S SUMMARY

Cognizant of the benefits and challenges of deep bibliographical searching for zoological resources, Herbert Haviland Field, an American zoologist, established the Concilium Bibliographicum in Zurich, Switzerland, in 1895. The Concilium provided bibliographic data on articles from over 2,000 journals in 20 languages and developed the zoology section of the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) system, a new system in 1895 that improved search through flexible ordering of topical facets. The institute published annual indexes of zoological literature that could be tailored for specific interests; it later introduced card files for new zoological species and other services. But the Concilium faced insurmountable challenges. Poor funding, international hostilities leading to World War I and Field's death in 1921 handicapped daily operations, affecting the Concilium's language use policy, currency and comprehensiveness of references and staffing to maintain the index. An admirable effort that would have been well suited to modern digital solutions, the Concilium was suspended during the war and ceased operations in 1940.

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精确的动物学信息:会议书目,1895-1940
美国动物学家赫伯特·哈维兰·菲尔德(Herbert Haviland Field)认识到对动物学资源进行深入书目检索的好处和挑战,于1895年在瑞士苏黎世建立了Concilium Bibliographicum。会议提供了20种语言的2000多种期刊文章的书目数据,并发展了世界十进分类法(UDC)系统的动物学部分,这是1895年的一个新系统,通过对专题方面的灵活排序改进了搜索。该研究所每年出版动物学文献索引,可以根据特定的兴趣进行调整;它后来推出了新的动物物种卡档案和其他服务。但大公会议面临着无法克服的挑战。资金不足、导致第一次世界大战的国际敌对行动和1921年菲尔德的去世妨碍了日常工作,影响了大公会议的语言使用政策、货币和参考资料的全面性以及维持索引的人员编制。这是一项非常适合现代数字解决方案的令人钦佩的努力,在战争期间被暂停,并于1940年停止运作。
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