Telehealth interventions during COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review of applications, challenges, privacy and security issues.

IF 4.1 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES BMJ Health & Care Informatics Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI:10.1136/bmjhci-2022-100676
Muhammad Tukur, Ghassan Saad, Fahad M AlShagathrh, Mowafa Househ, Marco Agus
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Abstract

Background: The COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, proliferated worldwide, leading to a pandemic. Many governmental and non-governmental organisations and research institutes are contributing to the COVID-19 fight to control the pandemic.

Motivation: Numerous telehealth applications have been proposed and adopted during the pandemic to combat the spread of the disease. To this end, powerful tools such as artificial intelligence (AI)/robotic technologies, tracking, monitoring, consultation apps and other telehealth interventions have been extensively used. However, there are several issues and challenges that are currently facing this technology.

Objective: The purpose of this scoping review is to analyse the primary goal of these techniques; document their contribution to tackling COVID-19; identify and categorise their main challenges and future direction in fighting against the COVID-19 or future pandemic outbreaks.

Methods: Four digital libraries (ACM, IEEE, Scopus and Google Scholar) were searched to identify relevant sources. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) was used as a guideline procedure to develop a comprehensive scoping review. General telehealth features were extracted from the studies reviewed and analysed in the context of the intervention type, technology used, contributions, challenges, issues and limitations.

Results: A collection of 27 studies were analysed. The reported telehealth interventions were classified into two main categories: AI-based and non-AI-based interventions; their main contributions to tackling COVID-19 are in the aspects of disease detection and diagnosis, pathogenesis and virology, vaccine and drug development, transmission and epidemic predictions, online patient consultation, tracing, and observation; 28 telehealth intervention challenges/issues have been reported and categorised into technical (14), non-technical (10), and privacy, and policy issues (4). The most critical technical challenges are: network issues, system reliability issues, performance, accuracy and compatibility issues. Moreover, the most critical non-technical issues are: the skills required, hardware/software cost, inability to entirely replace physical treatment and people's uncertainty about using the technology. Stringent laws/regulations, ethical issues are some of the policy and privacy issues affecting the development of the telehealth interventions reported in the literature.

Conclusion: This study provides medical and scientific scholars with a comprehensive overview of telehealth technologies' current and future applications in the fight against COVID-19 to motivate researchers to continue to maximise the benefits of these techniques in the fight against pandemics. Lastly, we recommend that the identified challenges, privacy, and security issues and solutions be considered when designing and developing future telehealth applications.

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COVID-19 大流行期间的远程保健干预:对应用、挑战、隐私和安全问题的范围审查。
背景:由SARS-CoV-2病毒引起的COVID-19在全球范围内扩散,导致大流行。许多政府和非政府组织及研究机构都在为控制 COVID-19 的流行做出贡献:在大流行期间,人们提出并采用了许多远程保健应用,以遏制疾病的传播。为此,人工智能(AI)/机器人技术、跟踪、监测、咨询应用程序和其他远程保健干预措施等强大工具得到了广泛应用。然而,这项技术目前也面临着一些问题和挑战:本范围综述旨在分析这些技术的主要目标;记录它们对应对 COVID-19 所做的贡献;识别并归类它们在应对 COVID-19 或未来大流行爆发时所面临的主要挑战和未来方向:搜索了四个数字图书馆(ACM、IEEE、Scopus 和 Google Scholar),以确定相关资料来源。将系统综述和元分析的首选报告项目扩展到范围界定综述(PRISMA-ScR)作为制定综合范围界定综述的指导程序。从综述研究中提取了远程医疗的一般特征,并结合干预类型、所用技术、贡献、挑战、问题和局限性进行了分析:结果:共分析了 27 项研究。所报告的远程保健干预措施分为两大类:它们对应对 COVID-19 的主要贡献体现在疾病检测和诊断、致病机理和病毒学、疫苗和药物开发、传播和流行病预测、在线患者咨询、追踪和观察等方面;已报告的 28 项远程医疗干预挑战/问题分为技术问题(14 项)、非技术问题(10 项)以及隐私和政策问题(4 项)。最关键的技术挑战是:网络问题、系统可靠性问题、性能、准确性和兼容性问题。此外,最关键的非技术问题是:所需技能、硬件/软件成本、无法完全取代物理治疗以及人们对使用该技术的不确定性。严格的法律/法规、伦理问题是文献中报道的一些影响远程保健干预发展的政策和隐私问题:本研究向医学和科学学者全面概述了远程保健技术在抗击 COVID-19 中的当前和未来应用,以激励研究人员继续最大限度地发挥这些技术在抗击流行病中的优势。最后,我们建议在设计和开发未来的远程保健应用时,应考虑已确定的挑战、隐私和安全问题及解决方案。
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CiteScore
6.10
自引率
4.90%
发文量
40
审稿时长
18 weeks
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