Evaluation of Nootropic Potential of Aerva persica Roots against D-galactose-induced Memory Impairment.

Mohammad Asif, Kaneez Fatima, Sadaf Jamal Gilani, Mohamad Taleuzzaman, Syed Salman Ali, Samera Ali Siddiqui
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Abstract

Background: The primary phytoconstituents reported to have neuroprotective effects are flavonoids and phenolic compounds. Aerva persica roots are reported to be rich in flavonoids and phenolic compounds. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the nootropic potential of Aerva persica roots.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the nootropic potential of Aerva persica roots against D-galactose-induced memory impairment.

Methods: In this study, the roots of Aerva persica were extracted with 70% ethanol. The obtained extract was evaluated for total phenolic content using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and total flavonoid content using the aluminium chloride colorimetric assay. Afterward, the acute oral toxicity of the extract was determined following the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guideline 423. Additionally, two doses of Aerva persica (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight (BW)) were evaluated for their nootropic potential against D-galactose-induced memory impairment. The nootropic potential of the crude extract was assessed through a behavioural study and brain neurochemical analysis. Behavioural studies involved the evaluation of spatial reference- working memory using the radial arm maze test and the Y-maze test. Neurochemical analysis was performed to determine the brain's acetylcholine, acetylcholinesterase, glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels.

Results: The total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were found to be 179.14 ± 2.08 μg GAE/mg and 273.72 ± 3.94 μg QE/mg, respectively. The Aerva persica extract was found to be safe up to 2000 mg/kg BW. Following the safety assessment, the experimental mice received various treatments for 14 days. The behavioural analysis using the radial maze test showed that the extract at both doses significantly improved spatial reference-working memory and reduced the number of total errors compared to disease control groups. Similarly, in the Y-maze test, both doses significantly increased the alteration percentage and the percentage of novel arm entry (both indicative of intact spatial memory) compared to disease control. In neurochemical analysis, Aerva persica at 200 mg/kg significantly normalised the acetylcholine level (p<0.0001) and GSH level (p<0.01) compared to disease control. However, the same effect was not observed with Aerva persica at 100 mg/kg. Additionally, Aerva persica at 200mg/kg BW significantly decreased the acetylcholinesterase level (p<0.0001) and decreased the brain's MDA level (p<0.01) compared to the disease control, whereas the effect of Aerva persica at 100 mg/kg BW in reducing acetylcholinesterase was non-significant.

Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be concluded that the nootropic potential of Aerva persica was comparable to that of the standard drug, Donepezil, and the effect might be attributed to the higher content of flavonoids and phenolic compounds.

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白叶根对抗D-半乳糖诱导的记忆损伤的嗜面潜能评估。
背景:据报道具有神经保护作用的主要植物成分是黄酮类化合物和酚类化合物。据报道,白藜芦根富含黄酮类化合物和酚类化合物。因此,本研究的目的是探索白藜芦根的促神经潜能。目的:本研究的目的是评估白藜芦根对D-半乳糖诱导的记忆损伤的促神经潜能。方法:采用70%乙醇提取白藜芦根。使用Folin-Ciocalteu法评估所获得的提取物的总酚含量,并使用氯化铝比色法评估总黄酮含量。之后,根据经济合作与发展组织(OECD)指南423确定提取物的急性口服毒性。此外,评估了两种剂量的Aerva persica(100和200 mg/kg体重(BW))对D-半乳糖诱导的记忆损伤的促神经潜能。通过行为研究和大脑神经化学分析评估了粗提取物的促神经潜能。行为研究包括使用径向臂迷宫测试和Y迷宫测试来评估空间参考工作记忆。进行神经化学分析以确定大脑的乙酰胆碱、乙酰胆碱酯酶、谷胱甘肽(GSH)和丙二醛(MDA)水平。结果:总酚含量和总黄酮含量分别为179.14±2.08μgGAE/mg和273.72±3.94μgQE/mg。研究发现,在高达2000 mg/kg体重的情况下,白藜芦醇提取物是安全的。在安全性评估之后,实验小鼠接受了14天的各种治疗。使用放射状迷宫测试的行为分析表明,与疾病对照组相比,两种剂量的提取物都显著改善了空间参考工作记忆,并减少了总错误次数。类似地,在Y迷宫测试中,与疾病对照相比,两种剂量都显著增加了改变百分比和新臂进入的百分比(均表示完整的空间记忆)。在神经化学分析中,200mg/kg的Aerva persica使乙酰胆碱水平显著正常化(P结论:根据结果,可以得出结论,Aerva persica的促神经潜能与标准药物多奈哌齐相当,这种作用可能归因于黄酮和酚类化合物含量较高。
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来源期刊
Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry
Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry Psychology-Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology
CiteScore
2.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
21
期刊介绍: Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry aims to cover all the latest and outstanding developments in medicinal chemistry and rational drug design for the discovery of new central nervous system agents. Containing a series of timely in-depth reviews written by leaders in the field covering a range of current topics, Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry is an essential journal for every medicinal chemist who wishes to be kept informed and up-to-date with the latest and most important developments in the field.
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