Ubong S Ekperikpe, Sautan Mandal, Stephen J Holt, Jacori K Daniels, Tyler D Johnson, Jonita S Cooper, Sarah M Safir, Denise C Cornelius, Jan M Williams
{"title":"Metformin reduces insulin resistance and attenuates progressive renal injury in prepubertal obese Dahl salt-sensitive rats.","authors":"Ubong S Ekperikpe, Sautan Mandal, Stephen J Holt, Jacori K Daniels, Tyler D Johnson, Jonita S Cooper, Sarah M Safir, Denise C Cornelius, Jan M Williams","doi":"10.1152/ajprenal.00078.2023","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prepubertal obesity is currently an epidemic and is considered as a major risk factor for renal injury. Previous studies have demonstrated that insulin resistance contributes to renal injury in obesity, independent of diabetes. However, studies examining the relationship between insulin resistance and renal injury in obese children are lacking. Recently, we reported that progressive renal injury in Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) leptin receptor mutant (SS<sup>LepR</sup>mutant) rats was associated with insulin resistance before puberty. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine whether decreasing insulin resistance with metformin will reduce renal injury in SS<sup>LepR</sup>mutant rats. Four-wk-old SS and SS<sup>LepR</sup>mutant rats were separated into the following two groups: <i>1</i>) vehicle and <i>2</i>) metformin (300 mg/kg/day) via chow diet for 4 wk. Chronic administration of metformin markedly reduced insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in SS<sup>LepR</sup>mutant rats. We did not detect any differences in mean arterial pressure between vehicle and metformin-treated SS and SS<sup>LepR</sup>mutant rats. Proteinuria was significantly greater in SS<sup>LepR</sup>mutant rats versus SS rats throughout the study, and metformin administration significantly reduced proteinuria in SS<sup>LepR</sup>mutant rats. At the end of the protocol, metformin prevented the renal hyperfiltration observed in SS<sup>LepR</sup>mutant rats versus SS rats. Glomerular and tubular injury and renal inflammation and fibrosis were significantly higher in vehicle-treated SS<sup>LepR</sup>mutant rats versus SS rats, and metformin reduced these parameters in SS<sup>LepR</sup>mutant rats. These data suggest that reducing insulin resistance with metformin prevents renal hyperfiltration and progressive renal injury in SS<sup>LepR</sup>mutant rats before puberty and may be therapeutically useful in managing renal injury during prepubertal obesity.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Childhood/prepubertal obesity is a public health concern that is associated with early signs of proteinuria. Insulin resistance has been described in obese children. However, studies investigating the role of insulin resistance during childhood obesity-associated renal injury are limited. This study provides evidence of an early relationship between insulin resistance and renal injury in a rat model of prepubertal obesity. These data also suggest that reducing insulin resistance with metformin may be renoprotective in obese children.</p>","PeriodicalId":7588,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Physiology-renal Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7000,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10639024/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"American Journal of Physiology-renal Physiology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00078.2023","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2023/7/27 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PHYSIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Prepubertal obesity is currently an epidemic and is considered as a major risk factor for renal injury. Previous studies have demonstrated that insulin resistance contributes to renal injury in obesity, independent of diabetes. However, studies examining the relationship between insulin resistance and renal injury in obese children are lacking. Recently, we reported that progressive renal injury in Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) leptin receptor mutant (SSLepRmutant) rats was associated with insulin resistance before puberty. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine whether decreasing insulin resistance with metformin will reduce renal injury in SSLepRmutant rats. Four-wk-old SS and SSLepRmutant rats were separated into the following two groups: 1) vehicle and 2) metformin (300 mg/kg/day) via chow diet for 4 wk. Chronic administration of metformin markedly reduced insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in SSLepRmutant rats. We did not detect any differences in mean arterial pressure between vehicle and metformin-treated SS and SSLepRmutant rats. Proteinuria was significantly greater in SSLepRmutant rats versus SS rats throughout the study, and metformin administration significantly reduced proteinuria in SSLepRmutant rats. At the end of the protocol, metformin prevented the renal hyperfiltration observed in SSLepRmutant rats versus SS rats. Glomerular and tubular injury and renal inflammation and fibrosis were significantly higher in vehicle-treated SSLepRmutant rats versus SS rats, and metformin reduced these parameters in SSLepRmutant rats. These data suggest that reducing insulin resistance with metformin prevents renal hyperfiltration and progressive renal injury in SSLepRmutant rats before puberty and may be therapeutically useful in managing renal injury during prepubertal obesity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Childhood/prepubertal obesity is a public health concern that is associated with early signs of proteinuria. Insulin resistance has been described in obese children. However, studies investigating the role of insulin resistance during childhood obesity-associated renal injury are limited. This study provides evidence of an early relationship between insulin resistance and renal injury in a rat model of prepubertal obesity. These data also suggest that reducing insulin resistance with metformin may be renoprotective in obese children.
期刊介绍:
The American Journal of Physiology - Renal Physiology publishes original manuscripts on timely topics in both basic science and clinical research. Published articles address a broad range of subjects relating to the kidney and urinary tract, and may involve human or animal models, individual cell types, and isolated membrane systems. Also covered are the pathophysiological basis of renal disease processes, regulation of body fluids, and clinical research that provides mechanistic insights. Studies of renal function may be conducted using a wide range of approaches, such as biochemistry, immunology, genetics, mathematical modeling, molecular biology, as well as physiological and clinical methodologies.