Metformin reduces insulin resistance and attenuates progressive renal injury in prepubertal obese Dahl salt-sensitive rats.

IF 3.7 2区 医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY American Journal of Physiology-renal Physiology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-27 DOI:10.1152/ajprenal.00078.2023
Ubong S Ekperikpe, Sautan Mandal, Stephen J Holt, Jacori K Daniels, Tyler D Johnson, Jonita S Cooper, Sarah M Safir, Denise C Cornelius, Jan M Williams
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Abstract

Prepubertal obesity is currently an epidemic and is considered as a major risk factor for renal injury. Previous studies have demonstrated that insulin resistance contributes to renal injury in obesity, independent of diabetes. However, studies examining the relationship between insulin resistance and renal injury in obese children are lacking. Recently, we reported that progressive renal injury in Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) leptin receptor mutant (SSLepRmutant) rats was associated with insulin resistance before puberty. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine whether decreasing insulin resistance with metformin will reduce renal injury in SSLepRmutant rats. Four-wk-old SS and SSLepRmutant rats were separated into the following two groups: 1) vehicle and 2) metformin (300 mg/kg/day) via chow diet for 4 wk. Chronic administration of metformin markedly reduced insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in SSLepRmutant rats. We did not detect any differences in mean arterial pressure between vehicle and metformin-treated SS and SSLepRmutant rats. Proteinuria was significantly greater in SSLepRmutant rats versus SS rats throughout the study, and metformin administration significantly reduced proteinuria in SSLepRmutant rats. At the end of the protocol, metformin prevented the renal hyperfiltration observed in SSLepRmutant rats versus SS rats. Glomerular and tubular injury and renal inflammation and fibrosis were significantly higher in vehicle-treated SSLepRmutant rats versus SS rats, and metformin reduced these parameters in SSLepRmutant rats. These data suggest that reducing insulin resistance with metformin prevents renal hyperfiltration and progressive renal injury in SSLepRmutant rats before puberty and may be therapeutically useful in managing renal injury during prepubertal obesity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Childhood/prepubertal obesity is a public health concern that is associated with early signs of proteinuria. Insulin resistance has been described in obese children. However, studies investigating the role of insulin resistance during childhood obesity-associated renal injury are limited. This study provides evidence of an early relationship between insulin resistance and renal injury in a rat model of prepubertal obesity. These data also suggest that reducing insulin resistance with metformin may be renoprotective in obese children.

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二甲双胍降低青春期前肥胖达尔盐敏感大鼠的胰岛素抵抗和减轻进行性肾损伤。
青春期前肥胖目前是一种流行病,被认为是肾损伤的主要危险因素。先前的研究表明,胰岛素抵抗会导致肥胖患者的肾损伤,与糖尿病无关。然而,对肥胖儿童胰岛素抵抗与肾损伤之间关系的研究却很少。最近,我们报道了达尔盐敏感(SS)瘦素受体突变体(SSLepRmutat)大鼠的进行性肾损伤与青春期前的胰岛素抵抗有关。因此,本研究的目的是检验二甲双胍降低胰岛素抵抗是否会减少SSLpRmutat大鼠的肾损伤。将4周龄的SS和SSLepRmutant大鼠分为以下两组:1)赋形剂和2)二甲双胍(300mg/kg/天),通过日粮喂养4周。二甲双胍的长期给药显著降低了SSLepRmutat大鼠的胰岛素抵抗和血脂异常。我们没有检测到赋形剂和二甲双胍治疗的SS和SSLepRmutat大鼠之间的平均动脉压有任何差异。在整个研究过程中,与SS大鼠相比,SSLepRmutant大鼠的蛋白尿显著增加,二甲双胍给药显著减少了SSLepR mutant大白鼠的蛋白尿。在方案结束时,二甲双胍预防了在SSLepRmutat大鼠和SS大鼠中观察到的肾过度滤过。与SS大鼠相比,赋形剂治疗的SSLepRmutat大鼠的肾小球和肾小管损伤以及肾脏炎症和纤维化明显更高,二甲双胍降低了SSLepR mutat大白鼠的这些参数。这些数据表明,二甲双胍降低胰岛素抵抗可以预防青春期前SSLepRmutat大鼠的肾过度滤过和进行性肾损伤,并可能在治疗青春期前肥胖期间的肾损伤方面有用。新的和值得注意的儿童/青春期前肥胖是一种公共卫生问题,与蛋白尿的早期迹象有关。肥胖儿童存在胰岛素抵抗。然而,研究胰岛素抵抗在儿童肥胖相关肾损伤中的作用的研究有限。这项研究为青春期前肥胖大鼠模型中胰岛素抵抗和肾损伤之间的早期关系提供了证据。这些数据还表明,二甲双胍降低胰岛素抵抗可能对肥胖儿童具有肾脏保护作用。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
8.40
自引率
7.10%
发文量
154
审稿时长
2-4 weeks
期刊介绍: The American Journal of Physiology - Renal Physiology publishes original manuscripts on timely topics in both basic science and clinical research. Published articles address a broad range of subjects relating to the kidney and urinary tract, and may involve human or animal models, individual cell types, and isolated membrane systems. Also covered are the pathophysiological basis of renal disease processes, regulation of body fluids, and clinical research that provides mechanistic insights. Studies of renal function may be conducted using a wide range of approaches, such as biochemistry, immunology, genetics, mathematical modeling, molecular biology, as well as physiological and clinical methodologies.
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