Variation among strains of Borrelia burgdorferi in host tissue abundance and lifetime transmission determine the population strain structure in nature.

IF 6.7 1区 医学 Q1 Immunology and Microbiology PLoS Pathogens Pub Date : 2023-08-22 eCollection Date: 2023-08-01 DOI:10.1371/journal.ppat.1011572
Christopher B Zinck, Prasobh Raveendram Thampy, Eva-Maria E Uhlemann, Hesham Adam, Jenny Wachter, Danae Suchan, Andrew D S Cameron, Ryan O M Rego, Dustin Brisson, Catherine Bouchard, Nicholas H Ogden, Maarten J Voordouw
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Pathogen life history theory assumes a positive relationship between pathogen load in host tissues and pathogen transmission. Empirical evidence for this relationship is surprisingly rare due to the difficulty of measuring transmission for many pathogens. The comparative method, where a common host is experimentally infected with a set of pathogen strains, is a powerful approach for investigating the relationships between pathogen load and transmission. The validity of such experimental estimates of strain-specific transmission is greatly enhanced if they can predict the pathogen population strain structure in nature. Borrelia burgdorferi is a multi-strain, tick-borne spirochete that causes Lyme disease in North America. This study used 11 field-collected strains of B. burgdorferi, a rodent host (Mus musculus, C3H/HeJ) and its tick vector (Ixodes scapularis) to determine the relationship between pathogen load in host tissues and lifetime host-to-tick transmission (HTT). Mice were experimentally infected via tick bite with 1 of 11 strains. Lifetime HTT was measured by infesting mice with I. scapularis larval ticks on 3 separate occasions. The prevalence and abundance of the strains in the mouse tissues and the ticks were determined by qPCR. We used published databases to obtain estimates of the frequencies of these strains in wild I. scapularis tick populations. Spirochete loads in ticks and lifetime HTT varied significantly among the 11 strains of B. burgdorferi. Strains with higher spirochete loads in the host tissues were more likely to infect feeding larval ticks, which molted into nymphal ticks that had a higher probability of B. burgdorferi infection (i.e., higher HTT). Our laboratory-based estimates of lifetime HTT were predictive of the frequencies of these strains in wild I. scapularis populations. For B. burgdorferi, the strains that establish high abundance in host tissues and that have high lifetime transmission are the strains that are most common in nature.

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伯氏疏螺旋体菌株在宿主组织丰度和寿命传递方面的变异决定了自然界种群的菌株结构。
病原体生活史理论假定宿主组织中的病原体负荷与病原体传播之间存在正相关关系。由于难以测量许多病原体的传播,这种关系的经验证据出奇地罕见。比较方法是用一组病原体菌株实验感染一个普通宿主,是研究病原体负荷和传播之间关系的一种强有力的方法。如果这些菌株特异性传播的实验估计能够预测自然界中的病原体种群-菌株结构,那么它们的有效性将大大提高。伯氏疏螺旋体是一种多菌株、蜱传螺旋体,在北美引起莱姆病。本研究使用11株野外采集的B.burgdorferi,一种啮齿动物宿主(Musmusculus,C3H/HeJ)及其蜱虫载体(Ixodes肩胛骨)来确定宿主组织中的病原体负荷与终生宿主-蜱虫传播(HTT)之间的关系。实验用11种菌株中的1种通过蜱叮咬感染小鼠。通过在3个不同的场合用肩胛虫幼虫蜱虫感染小鼠来测量寿命HTT。通过qPCR测定菌株在小鼠组织和蜱虫中的流行率和丰度。我们使用已发表的数据库来估计这些菌株在野生肩胛骨蜱种群中的频率。11株伯氏双歧杆菌中蜱的螺旋体载量和终生HTT差异显著。宿主组织中螺旋体载量较高的菌株更有可能感染正在进食的幼虫蜱,幼虫蜱蜕皮为若虫蜱,若虫蜱感染伯氏双歧杆菌的概率较高(即HTT较高)。我们基于实验室对HTT寿命的估计可以预测这些菌株在野生肩胛骨隐球菌种群中的频率。对于伯氏芽孢杆菌来说,在宿主组织中建立高丰度并具有高寿命传播的菌株是自然界中最常见的菌株。
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来源期刊
PLoS Pathogens
PLoS Pathogens 生物-病毒学
CiteScore
11.40
自引率
3.00%
发文量
598
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Bacteria, fungi, parasites, prions and viruses cause a plethora of diseases that have important medical, agricultural, and economic consequences. Moreover, the study of microbes continues to provide novel insights into such fundamental processes as the molecular basis of cellular and organismal function.
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