The adolescent and young adult microbiome and its association with substance use: a scoping review.

IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 SUBSTANCE ABUSE Alcohol and alcoholism Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI:10.1093/alcalc/agad055
Brittney D Browning, Anna E Kirkland, Rejoyce Green, Melinda Engevik, Alexander V Alekseyenko, Lorenzo Leggio, Rachel L Tomko, Lindsay M Squeglia
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Abstract

Aims: The microbiome is a critical factor in health throughout human development. The aims of this scoping review are to (i) elucidate the differences between the youth (post-natal day 21-65 for rodents, 2-7 years for non-human primates, and 10-25 years for humans) microbiome with other life stages and (ii) identify youth-specific microbial changes associated with substance use.

Methods: Peer-reviewed studies published up to May 2023 were identified in PubMed and SCOPUS and included gut and oral microbiome studies from rodents, non-human primates, and humans (N = 1733). Twenty-six articles were determined eligible based on inclusion criteria (aim 1: n = 19, aim 2: n = 7).

Results: The adolescent and young adult oral and gut microbiomes are distinct compared to other life stages, within both non-human and human models. While there is limited research in this area, the microbiome appears to be vulnerable to substance use exposure earlier in life, including substances commonly initiated and escalated during adolescence and young adulthood (i.e. alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco).

Conclusions: Studies across the lifespan indicate that adolescence and young adulthood are distinct periods of development, where the microbiome is sensitive to exposures, including substance use. There is a need for more studies focused on the adolescent and young adult microbiome and substance use, as well as focused on the oral microbiome during this developmental period. Understanding the gut and oral microbiome during adolescence and young adulthood may provide insight into the pathophysiology of substance use disorders.

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青少年和年轻人的微生物组及其与物质使用的关系:范围界定综述。
目的:微生物组是整个人类发展过程中健康的关键因素。本范围界定综述的目的是(i)阐明青年(啮齿类动物产后21-65天,非人灵长类动物产后2-7年,人类产后10-25年)微生物组与其他生命阶段之间的差异,以及(ii)确定与物质使用相关的青年特异性微生物变化。方法:截至2023年5月发表的同行评审研究发表在PubMed和SCOPUS上,包括啮齿动物、非人灵长类动物和人类的肠道和口腔微生物组研究(N = 1733)。根据纳入标准,26篇文章被确定为合格(目标1:n = 19,目标2:n = 7) 。结果:在非人类和人类模型中,青少年和年轻人的口腔和肠道微生物组与其他生命阶段相比是不同的。虽然这一领域的研究有限,但微生物组在生命早期似乎很容易受到物质使用的影响,包括在青春期和青年期通常开始和升级的物质(即酒精、大麻和烟草)。结论:对整个生命周期的研究表明,青春期和青年期是不同的发育时期,微生物组对暴露(包括物质使用)敏感。需要更多的研究关注青少年和年轻人的微生物组和物质使用,以及这一发育时期的口腔微生物组。了解青春期和青年期的肠道和口腔微生物组,可以深入了解物质使用障碍的病理生理学。
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来源期刊
Alcohol and alcoholism
Alcohol and alcoholism 医学-药物滥用
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
3.60%
发文量
62
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: About the Journal Alcohol and Alcoholism publishes papers on the biomedical, psychological, and sociological aspects of alcoholism and alcohol research, provided that they make a new and significant contribution to knowledge in the field. Papers include new results obtained experimentally, descriptions of new experimental (including clinical) methods of importance to the field of alcohol research and treatment, or new interpretations of existing results. Theoretical contributions are considered equally with papers dealing with experimental work provided that such theoretical contributions are not of a largely speculative or philosophical nature.
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