How did organ donation in Israel become a club membership model? From civic to communal solidarity in organ sharing.

IF 1.6 Q2 ETHICS Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-09 DOI:10.1007/s40592-023-00179-7
Hagai Boas
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Abstract

Figuring out what pushes individuals to become organ donors has become the holy grail of social scientists interested in transplantations. In this paper I concentrate on solidarity as a determinant of organ donation and examine it through the history of organ donation in Israel. By following the history of transplantation policies since 1968 and examining them in relation to different types of solidarities, this paper leads to a nuanced understanding of the ties between solidarity and health policy. Attempts to foster an all-encompassing consensus on the definition of brain death yielded the Transplantation and the Brain-Respiratory Death Laws of 2008. It was hoped that a wide "civic solidarity" would render Israel self-sufficient in its organ economy. However, the failure of the law led to the breakdown of civic solidarity in organ donation. As a result, initiatives such as the priority policy and non-directed living organ donations, developed out of a narrower conception of solidarity. Juxtaposing these initiatives sheds light on macro level processes for policy makers and suggests solidarity as a key bioethical concept to understand organ donation policies.

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以色列的器官捐献是如何变成俱乐部会员制模式的?器官共享从公民团结到社区团结。
弄清是什么促使个人成为器官捐献者已成为对器官移植感兴趣的社会科学家的圣杯。在本文中,我将团结作为器官捐献的一个决定因素,并通过以色列器官捐献的历史对其进行研究。通过跟踪自 1968 年以来的移植政策历史,并将其与不同类型的团结关系联系起来进行研究,本文将对团结与卫生政策之间的联系有一个细致入微的理解。为了就脑死亡的定义达成全面共识,以色列于 2008 年颁布了《移植法》和《脑呼吸死亡法》。人们希望广泛的 "公民团结 "能使以色列的器官经济自给自足。然而,该法的失败导致公民在器官捐献方面的团结遭到破坏。因此,优先政策和非定向活体器官捐献等举措是在更狭隘的团结概念基础上发展起来的。将这些举措并列起来,可为政策制定者提供宏观层面进程的启示,并建议将团结作为理解器官捐献政策的关键生物伦理概念。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
6.20%
发文量
16
期刊介绍: Monash Bioethics Review provides comprehensive coverage of traditional topics and emerging issues in bioethics. The Journal is especially concerned with empirically-informed philosophical bioethical analysis with policy relevance. Monash Bioethics Review also regularly publishes empirical studies providing explicit ethical analysis and/or with significant ethical or policy implications. Produced by the Monash University Centre for Human Bioethics since 1981 (originally as Bioethics News), Monash Bioethics Review is the oldest peer reviewed bioethics journal based in Australia–and one of the oldest bioethics journals in the world. An international forum for empirically-informed philosophical bioethical analysis with policy relevance. Includes empirical studies providing explicit ethical analysis and/or with significant ethical or policy implications. One of the oldest bioethics journals, produced by a world-leading bioethics centre. Publishes papers up to 13,000 words in length. Unique New Feature: All Articles Open for Commentary
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