Coronaviruses: Troubling Crown of the Animal Kingdom.

IF 1.3 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Comparative medicine Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI:10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000092
Alfonso S Gozalo, Tannie S Clark, David M Kurtz
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

The existence of coronaviruses has been known for many years. These viruses cause significant disease that primarily seems to affect agricultural species. Human coronavirus disease due to the 2002 outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and the 2012 outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome made headlines; however, these outbreaks were controlled, and public concern quickly faded. This complacency ended in late 2019 when alarms were raised about a mysterious virus responsible for numerous illnesses and deaths in China. As we now know, this novel disease called Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was caused by Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and rapidly became a worldwide pandemic. Luckily, decades of research into animal coronaviruses hastened our understanding of the genetics, structure, transmission, and pathogenesis of these viruses. Coronaviruses infect a wide range of wild and domestic animals, with significant economic impact in several agricultural species. Their large genome, low dependency on host cellular proteins, and frequent recombination allow coronaviruses to successfully cross species barriers and adapt to different hosts including humans. The study of the animal diseases provides an understanding of the virus biology and pathogenesis and has assisted in the rapid development of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Here, we briefly review the classification, origin, etiology, transmission mechanisms, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies, including available vaccines, for coronaviruses that affect domestic, farm, laboratory, and wild animal species. We also briefly describe the coronaviruses that affect humans. Expanding our knowledge of this complex group of viruses will better prepare us to design strategies to prevent and/or minimize the impact of future coronavirus outbreaks.

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冠状病毒:动物王国令人不安的王冠。
冠状病毒的存在已经为人所知多年。这些病毒引起的重大疾病似乎主要影响农业物种。2002年爆发的严重急性呼吸综合征和2012年爆发的中东呼吸综合征导致的人类冠状病毒病成为头条新闻;然而,这些疫情得到了控制,公众的担忧很快消退。这种自满情绪在2019年底结束,当时人们对一种导致中国许多疾病和死亡的神秘病毒发出了警报。正如我们现在所知,这种名为2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)的新型疾病是由严重急性呼吸综合征相关冠状病毒-2 (SARS-CoV-2)引起的,并迅速成为全球大流行。幸运的是,数十年来对动物冠状病毒的研究加速了我们对这些病毒的遗传、结构、传播和发病机制的理解。冠状病毒感染多种野生动物和家畜,对若干农业物种造成重大经济影响。它们的大基因组、对宿主细胞蛋白的低依赖性以及频繁的重组使冠状病毒能够成功地跨越物种屏障,适应包括人类在内的不同宿主。对动物疾病的研究有助于了解病毒的生物学和发病机制,并有助于快速开发SARS-CoV-2疫苗。在此,我们简要回顾了影响家养、农场、实验室和野生动物物种的冠状病毒的分类、起源、病原学、传播机制、发病机制、临床体征、诊断、治疗和预防策略,包括现有疫苗。我们还简要介绍了影响人类的冠状病毒。扩大我们对这一复杂病毒群的了解,将使我们更好地为设计策略做好准备,以预防和/或尽量减少未来冠状病毒爆发的影响。
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来源期刊
Comparative medicine
Comparative medicine 医学-动物学
CiteScore
1.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
71
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Comparative Medicine (CM), an international journal of comparative and experimental medicine, is the leading English-language publication in the field and is ranked by the Science Citation Index in the upper third of all scientific journals. The mission of CM is to disseminate high-quality, peer-reviewed information that expands biomedical knowledge and promotes human and animal health through the study of laboratory animal disease, animal models of disease, and basic biologic mechanisms related to disease in people and animals.
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