Epidemiologic Aspects of Animal Bite, Rabies, and Predictors of Delay in Post-exposure Prophylaxis: A National Registry-based Study in Iran.

IF 1.4 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Journal of research in health sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI:10.34172/jrhs.2023.118
Salman Khazaei, Mohammad Reza Shirzadi, Behzad Amiri, Jamshid Pourmozafari, Erfan Ayubi
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Abstract

Background: The increasing trend in animal bites and rabies in recent years makes the disease a public health concern in Iran. The objectives of the current study were to investigate the epidemiologic aspects of the animal bite and determine the associated risk factors of the delay in initiation of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) against rabies in Iran.

Study design: National registry-based cross-sectional study.

Methods: This study included all registered cases of animal bites between March 2021 and March 2022 at the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in Iran. We retrieved epidemiologic data on person, time, place, and PEP outcome.

Results: A total of 260470 animal bite cases (approximately 334 per 100000 populations, and 11 deaths) were registered during the study period. About 77.2% of them were reported in males, 4.3% in children aged less than 5 years, 56.4% occurred in urban areas, 98% in domestic animals, and mostly in north and northeast areas of Iran. Additionally, 2.8% of cases had a delay of more than 48 hours in the initiation of PEP. Significant determinants of the increase in delay were female gender (OR=1.43, 95% CI: 1.36, 1.51, P<0.001), foreign nationality (OR=1.19, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.12, P=0.001), rural residence (OR=1.07, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.12, P=0.010), and the wild animals (OR=1.22, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.34, P<0.001).

Conclusion: The observed frequency of animal bites in a year indicates a serious public health concern and the need for targeted interventions, especially in at-risk areas and vulnerable populations.

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动物咬伤、狂犬病的流行病学方面和暴露后预防延迟的预测因素:伊朗一项基于国家登记的研究。
背景:近年来动物咬伤和狂犬病呈上升趋势,使该疾病成为伊朗关注的公共卫生问题。本研究的目的是调查动物咬伤的流行病学方面,并确定伊朗狂犬病暴露后预防措施(PEP)启动延迟的相关危险因素。研究设计:基于全国登记的横断面研究。方法:本研究纳入了伊朗卫生和医学教育部在2021年3月至2022年3月期间登记的所有动物咬伤病例。我们检索了人、时间、地点和PEP结果的流行病学数据。结果:研究期间共记录动物咬伤病例260470例(约334 / 100000人,死亡11例)。据报道,其中男性占77.2%,5岁以下儿童占4.3%,城市地区占56.4%,家畜占98%,主要发生在伊朗北部和东北部地区。此外,2.8%的病例延迟超过48小时才开始PEP。延迟增加的重要决定因素是女性(OR=1.43, 95% CI: 1.36, 1.51, PP=0.001)、农村居民(OR=1.07, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.12, P=0.010)和野生动物(OR=1.22, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.34, P)。结论:观察到的动物叮咬频率表明一年内存在严重的公共卫生问题,需要采取有针对性的干预措施,特别是在危险地区和脆弱人群中。
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来源期刊
Journal of research in health sciences
Journal of research in health sciences PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-
CiteScore
2.30
自引率
13.30%
发文量
7
期刊介绍: The Journal of Research in Health Sciences (JRHS) is the official journal of the School of Public Health; Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, which is published quarterly. Since 2017, JRHS is published electronically. JRHS is a peer-reviewed, scientific publication which is produced quarterly and is a multidisciplinary journal in the field of public health, publishing contributions from Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Public Health, Occupational Health, Environmental Health, Health Education, and Preventive and Social Medicine. We do not publish clinical trials, nursing studies, animal studies, qualitative studies, nutritional studies, health insurance, and hospital management. In addition, we do not publish the results of laboratory and chemical studies in the field of ergonomics, occupational health, and environmental health
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