Regulatory role of miRNAs in Wnt signaling pathway linked with cardiovascular diseases

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are discovered in science about 23 years ago. These are short, a series of non-coding, single-stranded and evolutionary conserved RNA molecules found in eukaryotic cells. It involved post-transcriptional fine-tune protein expression and repressing the target of mRNA in different biological processes. These miRNAs binds with the 3′-UTR region of specific mRNAs to phosphorylate the mRNA degradation and inhibit the translation process in various tissues. Therefore, aberrant expression in miRNAs induces numerous cardiovascular diseases and developmental defects. Subsequently, the miRNAs and Wnt singling pathway are regulating a cellular process in cardiac development and regeneration, maintain the homeostasis and associated heart diseases. In Wnt signaling pathway majority of the signaling components are expressed and regulated by miRNAs, whereas the inhibition or dysfunction of the Wnt signaling pathway induces cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, inadequate studies about the important role of miRNAs in heart development and diseases through Wnt signaling pathway has been exist still now. For this reason in present review we summarize and update the involvement of miRNAs and the role of Wnt signaling in cardiovascular diseases. We have discussed the mechanism of miRNA functions which regulates the Wnt components in cellular signaling pathway. The fundamental understanding of Wnt signaling regulation and mechanisms of miRNAs is quite essential for study of heart development and related diseases. This approach definitely enlighten the future research to provide a new strategy for formulation of novel therapeutic approaches against cardiovascular diseases.