BEPS Project and International Tax Reform: The 2021 Agreements on Taxing Multinational Companies.

IF 3 4区 社会学 Q1 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Evaluation Review Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI:10.1177/0193841X221103338
José M Cantos
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

The globalization of commercial exchanges and capital movements reveal new ways of obtaining value in economic activities, and the differences in the tax burden of companies, depending on where they reside, have become threats for countries to exercise the right to tax business profits generated in its jurisdiction. This problem, together with tax competition between countries, causes a transfer of tax bases towards countries with lower tax rates and tax havens. The lack of agreement in the international community on how to find a solution to the problems has caused several countries to choose to establish special taxes for certain activities of multinational companies in their jurisdictions, resulting in inefficient taxes. This paper analyzes the agreement reached in October 2021 in the G20 and in the OECD in which measures are adopted within the BEPS project to prevent the erosion of tax bases in market jurisdictions promoted by multinational companies. After studying different aspects, we found fundamental reasons for not having an optimistic view on the effective solution to the problems above: unrealistic forecasts on the amount of the new estimated tax bases for Pillar 1 and the high administration and compliance costs. In conclusion, it is not foreseeable that the tax bases derived from the provision of digital services will suffer a territorial redistribution. We do not expect that a minimum tax rate of 15% in corporate tax will be carried out effectively or that the benefits that are transferred to tax havens will be significantly reduced.

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BEPS项目与国际税制改革:2021年对跨国公司征税协议。
商业交流和资本流动的全球化揭示了在经济活动中获得价值的新方法,而公司的税负因其所在地而异,这对各国行使对其管辖范围内产生的商业利润征税的权利构成了威胁。这个问题,加上国家之间的税收竞争,导致税基向税率较低的国家和避税天堂转移。由于国际社会对如何找到解决这些问题的办法缺乏一致意见,一些国家选择在其管辖范围内对跨国公司的某些活动征收特别税,从而导致税收效率低下。本文分析了二十国集团和经合组织于2021年10月达成的协议,其中在BEPS项目中采取了措施,以防止跨国公司推动的市场管辖区的税基侵蚀。通过对不同方面的研究,我们发现了对上述问题的有效解决不乐观的根本原因:对第一支柱的新估计税基金额的预测不现实,以及过高的管理和合规成本。总之,提供数字服务产生的税基将遭受地域再分配,这是不可预见的。我们不认为15%的最低公司税税率会有效实施,也不认为转移到避税天堂的利益会大幅减少。
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来源期刊
Evaluation Review
Evaluation Review SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
11.10%
发文量
80
期刊介绍: Evaluation Review is the forum for researchers, planners, and policy makers engaged in the development, implementation, and utilization of studies aimed at the betterment of the human condition. The Editors invite submission of papers reporting the findings of evaluation studies in such fields as child development, health, education, income security, manpower, mental health, criminal justice, and the physical and social environments. In addition, Evaluation Review will contain articles on methodological developments, discussions of the state of the art, and commentaries on issues related to the application of research results. Special features will include periodic review essays, "research briefs", and "craft reports".
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