Variability in Hemispheric Functional Segregation Phenotypes: A Review and General Mechanistic Model.

IF 5.4 2区 心理学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES Neuropsychology Review Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2022-12-28 DOI:10.1007/s11065-022-09575-y
Robin Gerrits
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Abstract

Many functions of the human brain are organized asymmetrically and are subject to strong population biases. Some tasks, like speaking and making complex hand movements, exhibit left hemispheric dominance, whereas others, such as spatial processing and recognizing faces, favor the right hemisphere. While pattern of preference implies the existence of a stereotypical way of distributing functions between the hemispheres, an ever-increasing body of evidence indicates that not everyone follows this pattern of hemispheric functional segregation. On the contrary, the review conducted in this article shows that departures from the standard hemispheric division of labor are routinely observed and assume many distinct forms, each having a different prevalence rate. One of the key challenges in human neuroscience is to model this variability. By integrating well-established and recently emerged ideas about the mechanisms that underlie functional lateralization, the current article proposes a general mechanistic model that explains the observed distribution of segregation phenotypes and generates new testable hypotheses.

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半球功能分离表型的变异性:回顾与一般机制模型
人脑的许多功能都是不对称的,并受到强烈的群体偏差的影响。一些任务,如说话和做复杂的手部动作,显示出左半球的优势,而另一些任务,如空间处理和识别人脸,则偏向于右半球。虽然偏好模式意味着存在一种在大脑半球之间分配功能的定型方式,但越来越多的证据表明,并非每个人都遵循这种半球功能隔离模式。相反,本文所做的综述表明,偏离标准半球分工的情况经常出现,而且有许多不同的形式,每种形式的发生率也不尽相同。人类神经科学面临的主要挑战之一就是为这种变异建模。通过整合有关功能侧化机制的成熟观点和新近出现的观点,本文提出了一个通用的机制模型,该模型可以解释观察到的分离表型的分布,并产生新的可检验的假设。
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来源期刊
Neuropsychology Review
Neuropsychology Review 医学-神经科学
CiteScore
11.00
自引率
1.70%
发文量
36
期刊介绍: Neuropsychology Review is a quarterly, refereed publication devoted to integrative review papers on substantive content areas in neuropsychology, with particular focus on populations with endogenous or acquired conditions affecting brain and function and on translational research providing a mechanistic understanding of clinical problems. Publication of new data is not the purview of the journal. Articles are written by international specialists in the field, discussing such complex issues as distinctive functional features of central nervous system disease and injury; challenges in early diagnosis; the impact of genes and environment on function; risk factors for functional impairment; treatment efficacy of neuropsychological rehabilitation; the role of neuroimaging, neuroelectrophysiology, and other neurometric modalities in explicating function; clinical trial design; neuropsychological function and its substrates characteristic of normal development and aging; and neuropsychological dysfunction and its substrates in neurological, psychiatric, and medical conditions. The journal''s broad perspective is supported by an outstanding, multidisciplinary editorial review board guided by the aim to provide students and professionals, clinicians and researchers with scholarly articles that critically and objectively summarize and synthesize the strengths and weaknesses in the literature and propose novel hypotheses, methods of analysis, and links to other fields.
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