Immune responses in the injured olfactory and gustatory systems: a role in olfactory receptor neuron and taste bud regeneration?

IF 2.8 4区 心理学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Chemical Senses Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI:10.1093/chemse/bjac024
Hari G Lakshmanan, Elayna Miller, AnnElizabeth White-Canale, Lynnette P McCluskey
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引用次数: 4

Abstract

Sensory cells that specialize in transducing olfactory and gustatory stimuli are renewed throughout life and can regenerate after injury unlike their counterparts in the mammalian retina and auditory epithelium. This uncommon capacity for regeneration offers an opportunity to understand mechanisms that promote the recovery of sensory function after taste and smell loss. Immune responses appear to influence degeneration and later regeneration of olfactory sensory neurons and taste receptor cells. Here we review surgical, chemical, and inflammatory injury models and evidence that immune responses promote or deter chemosensory cell regeneration. Macrophage and neutrophil responses to chemosensory receptor injury have been the most widely studied without consensus on their net effects on regeneration. We discuss possible technical and biological reasons for the discrepancy, such as the difference between peripheral and central structures, and suggest directions for progress in understanding immune regulation of chemosensory regeneration. Our mechanistic understanding of immune-chemosensory cell interactions must be expanded before therapies can be developed for recovering the sensation of taste and smell after head injury from traumatic nerve damage and infection. Chemosensory loss leads to decreased quality of life, depression, nutritional challenges, and exposure to environmental dangers highlighting the need for further studies in this area.

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受损嗅觉和味觉系统的免疫反应:在嗅觉受体神经元和味蕾再生中的作用?
与哺乳动物视网膜和听觉上皮中的感觉细胞不同,专门传递嗅觉和味觉刺激的感觉细胞在一生中都会更新,并在损伤后再生。这种罕见的再生能力为了解味觉和嗅觉丧失后促进感觉功能恢复的机制提供了机会。免疫反应似乎会影响嗅觉感觉神经元和味觉受体细胞的退化和后期再生。在这里,我们回顾了外科、化学和炎症损伤模型,以及免疫反应促进或阻止化学感觉细胞再生的证据。巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞对化学感觉受体损伤的反应已被广泛研究,但对其对再生的净影响没有达成共识。我们讨论了造成这种差异的可能技术和生物学原因,例如外周结构和中心结构之间的差异,并为理解化学感觉再生的免疫调节提出了进展方向。在开发出从创伤性神经损伤和感染中恢复头部损伤后味觉和嗅觉的疗法之前,我们必须扩大对免疫化学感觉细胞相互作用的机制理解。化学感觉丧失会导致生活质量下降、抑郁、营养挑战和暴露在环境危险中,这突出了在这一领域进行进一步研究的必要性。
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来源期刊
Chemical Senses
Chemical Senses 医学-行为科学
CiteScore
8.60
自引率
2.90%
发文量
25
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Chemical Senses publishes original research and review papers on all aspects of chemoreception in both humans and animals. An important part of the journal''s coverage is devoted to techniques and the development and application of new methods for investigating chemoreception and chemosensory structures.
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