Nanotechnology and periodontics.

Abstract

The periodontium undergoes morphological and functional variations, as well as changes associated with age. Traditional treatments such as scaling, root planing, and periodontal flap surgery have been shown to be effective. The treatment of progressive periodontal diseases has been proven beneficial when combined with adequate post-operative supportive periodontal care [1]. Specialised nanoparticles, with particle sizes measured in nanometres, can be engineered to target oral tissues, including the periodontium. Nano-scale biosensors can be used to diagnose periodontal disorders. These sensors are capable of identifying substances found in bodily fluids such as saliva, blood, and gingival crevicular fluid [2]. These nanotechnologies are also employed for administering medication, injecting local anaesthesia, and for diagnostic purposes. Dentists can control nanorobots using onboard computers, transmitting signals for specific treatment techniques. Dentifrobots are devices that reside sub-occlusally and are administered via mouth rinse or toothpaste [3]. These dentifrobots can inspect supragingival and subgingival areas at least once a day, aiding in the ongoing removal of calculus and converting trapped organic molecules into harmless, odourless vapours [4]. Nanorobots will have the ability to distinguish between different types of cells by analysing their surface antigens. This is achieved by using chemotactic sensors that are tuned to specific antigens on target cells. Once the nanorobots have completed their task, they can be removed through the human excretory system or by active scavenger systems [4]. Nanoparticles offer numerous advantages in the delivery of bioactive chemicals and drugs.