Neuroinflammation: The Abused Concept.

IF 3.9 4区 医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES ASN NEURO Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI:10.1177/17590914231197523
Elena Galea, Manuel B Graeber
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Abstract

Scientific progress requires the relentless correction of errors and refinement of hypotheses. Clarity of terminology is essential for clarity of thought and proper experimental interrogation of nature. Therefore, the application of the same scientific term to different and even conflicting phenomena and concepts is not useful and must be corrected. Such abuse of terminology has happened and is still increasing in the case of "neuroinflammation," a term that until the 1990s meant classical inflammation affecting the central nervous system (CNS) and thereon was progressively used to mostly denote microglia activation. The resulting confusion is very wasteful and detrimental not only for scientists but also for patients, given the numerous failed clinical trials in acute and chronic CNS diseases over the last decade with "anti-inflammatory" drugs. Despite this failure, reassessments of the "neuroinflammation" concept are rare, especially considering the number of articles still using the term. This undesirable situation motivates this article. We review the origins and evolution of the term "neuroinflammation," discuss the unique tissue defense and repair strategies in the CNS, define CNS immunity, and emphasize the notion of gliopathies to help readdress, if not bury, the term "neuroinflammation" as it stands in the way of scientific progress.

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神经炎:滥用的概念。
科学进步需要坚持不懈地纠正错误和完善假设。术语的清晰对于思想的清晰和对自然的适当实验性审问至关重要。因此,将同一科学术语应用于不同甚至相互冲突的现象和概念是没有用的,必须加以纠正。在“神经炎症”的情况下,这种术语的滥用已经发生,并且仍在增加,直到20世纪90年代,这个术语还意味着影响中枢神经系统(CNS)的经典炎症,因此逐渐被用于主要表示小胶质细胞激活。鉴于过去十年中使用“抗炎”药物在急性和慢性中枢神经系统疾病中进行了大量失败的临床试验,由此产生的混乱不仅对科学家,而且对患者都是非常浪费和有害的。尽管失败了,但对“神经炎症”概念的重新评估很少,尤其是考虑到仍在使用该术语的文章数量。这种不可取的情况激发了这篇文章的灵感。我们回顾了“神经炎症”一词的起源和进化,讨论了中枢神经系统中独特的组织防御和修复策略,定义了中枢免疫系统,并强调了胶质瘤病的概念,以帮助重新定义(如果不是埋葬)阻碍科学进步的“神经炎”一词。
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来源期刊
ASN NEURO
ASN NEURO NEUROSCIENCES-
CiteScore
7.70
自引率
4.30%
发文量
35
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: ASN NEURO is an open access, peer-reviewed journal uniquely positioned to provide investigators with the most recent advances across the breadth of the cellular and molecular neurosciences. The official journal of the American Society for Neurochemistry, ASN NEURO is dedicated to the promotion, support, and facilitation of communication among cellular and molecular neuroscientists of all specializations.
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