Humoral immunity for durable control of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.

IF 5 3区 医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY Inflammation and Regeneration Pub Date : 2023-01-12 DOI:10.1186/s41232-023-00255-9
Ryutaro Kotaki, Saya Moriyama, Yoshimasa Takahashi
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is ongoing because of the repeated emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, highlighting the importance of developing vaccines for variants that may continue to emerge. In the present review, we discuss humoral immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 with a focus on the antibody breadth to the variants. Recent studies have revealed that the temporal maturation of humoral immunity improves the antibody potency and breadth to the variants after infection or vaccination. Repeated vaccination or infection further accelerates the expansion of the antibody breadth. Memory B cells play a central role in this phenomenon, as the reactivity of the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) on memory B cells is a key determinant of the antibody potency and breadth recalled upon vaccination or infection. The evolution of memory B cells remarkably improves the reactivity of BCR to antigenically distinct Omicron variants, to which the host has never been exposed. Thus, the evolution of memory B cells toward the variants constitutes an immunological basis for the durable and broad control of SARS-CoV-2 variants.

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持久控制SARS-CoV-2及其变体的体液免疫。
2019冠状病毒病(新冠肺炎)大流行正在持续,因为严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)变种的反复出现,突显了为可能继续出现的变种开发疫苗的重要性。在本综述中,我们讨论了针对严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型的体液免疫反应,重点是变体的抗体广度。最近的研究表明,体液免疫的时间成熟提高了感染或接种疫苗后抗体的效力和对变体的广度。重复接种疫苗或感染进一步加速了抗体广度的扩大。记忆B细胞在这一现象中发挥着核心作用,因为记忆B细胞上B细胞抗原受体(BCR)的反应性是疫苗接种或感染后抗体效力和广度的关键决定因素。记忆B细胞的进化显著提高了BCR对抗原上不同的奥密克戎变体的反应性,而宿主从未接触过这种变体。因此,记忆B细胞向变体的进化构成了持久和广泛控制严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型变体的免疫学基础。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
11.10
自引率
1.20%
发文量
45
审稿时长
11 weeks
期刊介绍: Inflammation and Regeneration is the official journal of the Japanese Society of Inflammation and Regeneration (JSIR). This journal provides an open access forum which covers a wide range of scientific topics in the basic and clinical researches on inflammation and regenerative medicine. It also covers investigations of infectious diseases, including COVID-19 and other emerging infectious diseases, which involve the inflammatory responses. Inflammation and Regeneration publishes papers in the following categories: research article, note, rapid communication, case report, review and clinical drug evaluation.
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