Differences in Implicit Attitudes in West and East Germans as Measured by the Go/NoGo Association Task and Event-related EEG Potentials.

IF 1.3 4区 医学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI:10.1097/WNN.0000000000000338
Tobias A Wagner-Altendorf, Arie H van der Lugt, Anna Kroeber, Anna Cirkel, Marcus Heldmann, Thomas F Münte
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Abstract

Background and objective: Implicit social cognition refers to attitudes and stereotypes that may reside outside conscious awareness and control but that still affect human behavior. In particular, the implicit favoritism of an ingroup, to which an individual belongs, as opposed to an outgroup, to which the individual does not belong, characterized as ingroup bias, is of interest and is investigated here.

Method: We used a Go/NoGo association task (GNAT) and behavioral and electroencephalographic (event-related EEG potential [ERP] analysis) measures to investigate the implicit bias toward cities in East Germany, West Germany, and Europe, in 16 individuals each from West and East Germany (mixed gender, M age = 24). The GNAT assesses an individual's Go and NoGo responses for a given association between a target category and either pole (positive or negative) of an evaluative dimension.

Results: Behavioral measures revealed slightly faster reaction times to the combination of European city names and negative, as compared with positive, evaluative words in both groups. ERP analysis showed an increased negativity at 400-800 ms poststimulus in the incongruent conditions of East German city/positive word pairings (in West Germans) and West German city/positive word pairings (in East Germans).

Conclusion: An implicitly moderately negative evaluation of Europe by both groups was exhibited based on the behavioral data, and an increased level of conflict arising from the "incongruent" pairings (ie, as manifestation of an implicitly negative attitude toward East Germany in West Germans, and toward West Germany in East Germans) was exhibited based on the electrophysiological data.

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通过Go/NoGo关联任务和事件相关脑电图电位测量的西德人和东德人内隐态度的差异。
背景和目的:内隐社会认知是指可能存在于意识意识和控制之外,但仍影响人类行为的态度和刻板印象。特别是,与个人不属于的外群体相比,个人所属的内群体的隐性偏袒,被称为内群体偏见,值得关注,并在这里进行了研究。方法:我们使用Go/NoGo关联任务(GNAT)和行为和脑电图(事件相关脑电图电位[ERP]分析)测量来调查来自西德和东德的16名个体(混合性别,M年龄=24)对东德、西德和欧洲城市的内隐偏见。GNAT针对目标类别与评价维度的极点(积极或消极)之间的给定关联,评估个人的Go和NoGo反应。结果:行为测量显示,与两组中的积极评价词相比,对欧洲城市名称和否定词的组合的反应时间略快。ERP分析显示,在东德城市/阳性词配对(在西德)和西德城市/阳性字配对(在东德)的不协调条件下,刺激后400-800ms的负性增加,基于电生理数据,“不协调”配对(即,作为西德人对东德和东德人对西德隐含负面态度的表现)导致的冲突程度增加。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.40
自引率
7.10%
发文量
68
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology (CBN) is a forum for advances in the neurologic understanding and possible treatment of human disorders that affect thinking, learning, memory, communication, and behavior. As an incubator for innovations in these fields, CBN helps transform theory into practice. The journal serves clinical research, patient care, education, and professional advancement. The journal welcomes contributions from neurology, cognitive neuroscience, neuropsychology, neuropsychiatry, and other relevant fields. The editors particularly encourage review articles (including reviews of clinical practice), experimental and observational case reports, instructional articles for interested students and professionals in other fields, and innovative articles that do not fit neatly into any category. Also welcome are therapeutic trials and other experimental and observational studies, brief reports, first-person accounts of neurologic experiences, position papers, hypotheses, opinion papers, commentaries, historical perspectives, and book reviews.
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