{"title":"A Focus on Intra-Abdominal Sepsis with Biomarkers: A Literature Review.","authors":"Rıfat Peksöz, Enes Ağırman, Fuat Şentürk, Yavuz Albayrak, Sabri Selçuk Atamanalp","doi":"10.5152/eurasianjmed.2022.22296","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection according to the Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock definitions. It is a clinical condition with high morbidity and mortality due to its complex pathophysiology and lack of a complete treatment. It constitutes a significant economic burden because it constitutes a substantial part of intensive care patients, and the treatment process is lengthy and costly. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of the disease are essential. After pneumonia, an essential source of sepsis is intra-abdominal infection. Due to the presence of multiple and polymicrobial sources of infection, abdominal sepsis progresses more seriously. The effective treatment of intra-abdominal infection consists of early recognition of the disease, control of the source, appropriate antibiotic therapy, and stabilization in the intensive care setting with an excellent surgical approach. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library. Two authors reviewed all identified abstracts and selected articles for full-text review. We included original studies assessing mediators in intraabdominal sepsis. Inflammatory and protein mediators such as acute phase protein and chemokine cytokines play an essential role in intra-abdominal sepsis. In clinical practice, white blood cell count, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin are the most used parameters in the definition of abdominal infection. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, high-mobility group protein B1, and presepsin are other markers with high diagnostic efficiency, even though they are not used routinely. Despite everything, there is a need for highly effective markers that can be used in the diagnosis and follow-up of sepsis. Great hope is attached to these markers. This review aims to discuss the importance of the most used markers in the diagnosis and follow-up of abdominal sepsis and the markers on which there are essential studies in light of current literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":53592,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9000,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11163354/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Eurasian Journal of Medicine","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.5152/eurasianjmed.2022.22296","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection according to the Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock definitions. It is a clinical condition with high morbidity and mortality due to its complex pathophysiology and lack of a complete treatment. It constitutes a significant economic burden because it constitutes a substantial part of intensive care patients, and the treatment process is lengthy and costly. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of the disease are essential. After pneumonia, an essential source of sepsis is intra-abdominal infection. Due to the presence of multiple and polymicrobial sources of infection, abdominal sepsis progresses more seriously. The effective treatment of intra-abdominal infection consists of early recognition of the disease, control of the source, appropriate antibiotic therapy, and stabilization in the intensive care setting with an excellent surgical approach. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library. Two authors reviewed all identified abstracts and selected articles for full-text review. We included original studies assessing mediators in intraabdominal sepsis. Inflammatory and protein mediators such as acute phase protein and chemokine cytokines play an essential role in intra-abdominal sepsis. In clinical practice, white blood cell count, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin are the most used parameters in the definition of abdominal infection. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, high-mobility group protein B1, and presepsin are other markers with high diagnostic efficiency, even though they are not used routinely. Despite everything, there is a need for highly effective markers that can be used in the diagnosis and follow-up of sepsis. Great hope is attached to these markers. This review aims to discuss the importance of the most used markers in the diagnosis and follow-up of abdominal sepsis and the markers on which there are essential studies in light of current literature.
期刊介绍:
Eurasian Journal of Medicine (Eurasian J Med) is an international, scientific, open access periodical published by independent, unbiased, and triple-blinded peer-review principles. The journal is the official publication of Atatürk University School of Medicine and published triannually in February, June, and October. The publication language of the journal is English. The aim of the Eurasian Journal of Medicine is to publish original research papers of the highest scientific and clinical value in all medical fields. The Eurasian J Med also includes reviews, editorial short notes and letters to the editor that either as a comment related to recently published articles in our journal or as a case report. The target audience of the journal includes researchers, physicians and healthcare professionals who are interested or working in in all medical disciplines.