Trust in virtual ingroup or outgroup members relies on perceived self-other overlap.

IF 1.5 3区 心理学 Q4 PHYSIOLOGY Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-24 DOI:10.1177/17470218231203203
Ke Ma, Yan Long, Chaojin Huang, Bernhard Hommel
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Abstract

Why do we trust each other? We carried out three experiments to test whether interpersonal trust depends on perceived self-other overlap. As previous studies suggest that enfacing (feeling ownership for, and include more into oneself of the face of) an avatar might make one trust this avatar more, we exposed participants to faces of ingroup and outgroup avatars that moved in synchrony or out of synchrony with the participant's own facial movements, and assessed the impact of synchrony on self-other overlap and trust measures. Experiment 1 used ingroup faces and successfully showed that synchrony (manipulated within-participants) increased self-other overlap and trust, which we assessed by means of the Trust Game and the Implicit Association Test (IAT). In Experiment 2, which used outgroup faces and a within-participants design, synchrony still increased scores in the Trust Game but the IAT was no longer affected. Experiment 3 replicated Experiment 2 but with synchrony varying between participants, which eliminated the synchrony effect in both trust measures. Importantly, Inclusion of Other in the Self (IOS) ratings were found to predict the IAT effect in synchronous conditions. Taken altogether, our findings suggest that interpersonal trust is mainly driven by perceived self-other overlap. Besides group identification, appearance, and voluntary movement, synchrony is just one of several sources contributing to perceived self-other overlap.

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对虚拟组内或组外成员的信任依赖于感知到的自我-他人重叠。
我们为什么互相信任?我们进行了三个实验来测试人际信任是否取决于感知到的自我-他人重叠。由于之前的研究表明,赋予一个化身(对其面部的所有权,并将其更多地融入自己)可能会让人更加信任这个化身,我们让参与者接触到与参与者自己的面部运动同步或不同步的组内和组外化身的面部,并评估了同步对自我-其他重叠和信任测量的影响。实验1使用了组内面孔,并成功地表明,同步性(在参与者内部操纵)增加了自我-他人重叠和信任,我们通过信任游戏和内隐联想测试(IAT)对其进行了评估。在实验2中,使用了组外面孔和参与者内部设计,同步性仍然提高了信任游戏的得分,但IAT不再受到影响。实验3复制了实验2,但参与者之间的同步性不同,这消除了两种信任测量中的同步效应。重要的是,发现将他人纳入自我(IOS)评级可以预测同步条件下的IAT效应。总之,我们的研究结果表明,人际信任主要是由感知到的自我-他人重叠驱动的。除了群体认同、外表和自愿运动之外,同步性只是导致感知自我-他人重叠的几个来源之一。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.50
自引率
5.90%
发文量
178
审稿时长
3-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Promoting the interests of scientific psychology and its researchers, QJEP, the journal of the Experimental Psychology Society, is a leading journal with a long-standing tradition of publishing cutting-edge research. Several articles have become classic papers in the fields of attention, perception, learning, memory, language, and reasoning. The journal publishes original articles on any topic within the field of experimental psychology (including comparative research). These include substantial experimental reports, review papers, rapid communications (reporting novel techniques or ground breaking results), comments (on articles previously published in QJEP or on issues of general interest to experimental psychologists), and book reviews. Experimental results are welcomed from all relevant techniques, including behavioural testing, brain imaging and computational modelling. QJEP offers a competitive publication time-scale. Accepted Rapid Communications have priority in the publication cycle and usually appear in print within three months. We aim to publish all accepted (but uncorrected) articles online within seven days. Our Latest Articles page offers immediate publication of articles upon reaching their final form. The journal offers an open access option called Open Select, enabling authors to meet funder requirements to make their article free to read online for all in perpetuity. Authors also benefit from a broad and diverse subscription base that delivers the journal contents to a world-wide readership. Together these features ensure that the journal offers authors the opportunity to raise the visibility of their work to a global audience.
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