Behind the mask: What the eyes can't tell: Facial emotion recognition in a sample of Italian health care students.

IF 1.5 3区 心理学 Q4 PHYSIOLOGY Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-14 DOI:10.1177/17470218231198145
Marco Bani, Selena Russo, Stefano Ardenghi, Giulia Rampoldi, Virginia Wickline, Stephen Nowicki, Maria Grazia Strepparava
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Abstract

Wearing a facemask remains a pivotal strategy to prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection even after vaccination, but one of the possible costs of this protection is that it may interfere with the ability to read emotion in facial expressions. We explored the extent to which it may be more difficult for participants to read emotions in faces when faces are covered with masks than when they are not, and whether participants' empathy, attachment style, and patient-centred orientation would affect their performance. Medical and nursing students (N = 429) were administered either a masked or unmasked set of 24 adult faces depicting anger, sadness, fear, or happiness. Participants also completed self-report measures of empathy, patient-centredness, and attachment style. As predicted, participants made more errors to the masked than the unmasked faces with the exception of the identification of fear. Of note, when participants missed happiness, they were most likely to see it as sadness, and when they missed anger, they were most likely to see it as happiness. A multiple linear regression analysis showed that more errors identifying emotions in faces was associated with faces being masked as opposed to unmasked, lower scores on the empathy fantasy scale, and higher scores on the fearful attachment style. The findings suggest that wearing facemasks is associated with a variety of negative outcomes that might interfere with the building of positive relationships between health care workers and patients. Those who teach student health care workers would benefit from bringing this finding into their curriculum and training.

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面具背后眼睛看不见的东西:意大利医学生的面部情绪识别。
即使在接种疫苗后,戴口罩仍然是预防严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2(SARS-CoV-2)感染的关键策略,但这种保护可能付出的代价之一是,它可能会干扰人们从面部表情中读取情绪的能力。我们探讨了当面部被口罩遮盖时,受试者比未被口罩遮盖时更难从面部表情中读出情绪的程度,以及受试者的移情能力、依恋风格和以病人为中心的取向是否会影响他们的表现。医学和护理专业的学生(429 人)接受了24 张成人面孔的蒙面或不蒙面训练,这些面孔分别描述了愤怒、悲伤、恐惧或快乐的情绪。参与者还完成了关于移情、以病人为中心和依恋风格的自我报告测量。正如预测的那样,除了对恐惧的识别外,参与者对蒙面面孔的错误率高于未蒙面面孔。值得注意的是,当参与者错过快乐时,他们最有可能将其视为悲伤,而当他们错过愤怒时,他们最有可能将其视为快乐。多元线性回归分析表明,在识别人脸情绪时出现更多错误与以下因素有关:人脸是蒙面的而不是未蒙面的;移情幻想量表得分较低;恐惧依恋风格得分较高。研究结果表明,戴口罩与各种负面结果有关,可能会影响医护人员与病人之间建立积极的关系。如果能将这一研究结果纳入课程和培训中,对医护人员学生的教学将大有裨益。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.50
自引率
5.90%
发文量
178
审稿时长
3-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Promoting the interests of scientific psychology and its researchers, QJEP, the journal of the Experimental Psychology Society, is a leading journal with a long-standing tradition of publishing cutting-edge research. Several articles have become classic papers in the fields of attention, perception, learning, memory, language, and reasoning. The journal publishes original articles on any topic within the field of experimental psychology (including comparative research). These include substantial experimental reports, review papers, rapid communications (reporting novel techniques or ground breaking results), comments (on articles previously published in QJEP or on issues of general interest to experimental psychologists), and book reviews. Experimental results are welcomed from all relevant techniques, including behavioural testing, brain imaging and computational modelling. QJEP offers a competitive publication time-scale. Accepted Rapid Communications have priority in the publication cycle and usually appear in print within three months. We aim to publish all accepted (but uncorrected) articles online within seven days. Our Latest Articles page offers immediate publication of articles upon reaching their final form. The journal offers an open access option called Open Select, enabling authors to meet funder requirements to make their article free to read online for all in perpetuity. Authors also benefit from a broad and diverse subscription base that delivers the journal contents to a world-wide readership. Together these features ensure that the journal offers authors the opportunity to raise the visibility of their work to a global audience.
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