Neisseria gonorrhoeae physiology and pathogenesis.

2区 生物学 Q1 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Advances in Microbial Physiology Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI:10.1016/bs.ampbs.2022.01.002
Luke R Green, Joby Cole, Ernesto Feliz Diaz Parga, Jonathan G Shaw
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引用次数: 4

Abstract

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is an obligate human pathogen that is the cause of the sexually transmitted disease gonorrhoea. Recently, there has been a surge in gonorrhoea cases that has been exacerbated by the rapid rise in gonococcal multidrug resistance to all useful antimicrobials resulting in this organism becoming a significant public health burden. Therefore, there is a clear and present need to understand the organism's biology through its physiology and pathogenesis to help develop new intervention strategies. The gonococcus initially colonises and adheres to host mucosal surfaces utilising a type IV pilus that helps with microcolony formation. Other adhesion strategies include the porin, PorB, and the phase variable outer membrane protein Opa. The gonococcus is able to subvert complement mediated killing and opsonisation by sialylation of its lipooligosaccharide and deploys a series of anti-phagocytic mechanisms. N. gonorrhoeae is a fastidious organism that is able to grow on a limited number of primary carbon sources such as glucose and lactate. The utilization of lactate by the gonococcus has been implicated in a number of pathogenicity mechanisms. The bacterium lives mainly in microaerobic environments and can grow both aerobically and anaerobically with the aid of nitrite. The gonococcus does not produce siderophores for scavenging iron but can utilize some produced by other bacteria, and it is able to successful chelate iron from host haem, transferrin and lactoferrin. The gonococcus is an incredibly versatile human pathogen; in the following chapter, we detail the intricate mechanisms used by the bacterium to invade and survive within the host.

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淋病奈瑟菌生理学和发病机制。
淋病奈瑟菌是一种专性人类病原体,是性传播疾病淋病的原因。最近,淋病病例激增,而淋球菌对所有有用的抗微生物药物的多药耐药性迅速上升,导致这种有机体成为重大的公共卫生负担,这加剧了淋病病例的激增。因此,有一个明确的和当前的需要了解生物体的生物学,通过其生理和发病机制,以帮助制定新的干预策略。淋球菌最初定植并附着在宿主粘膜表面,利用IV型菌毛帮助形成微菌落。其他粘附策略包括孔蛋白、PorB和相位可变的外膜蛋白Opa。淋球菌能够通过唾液化其脂寡糖破坏补体介导的杀伤和调理,并部署一系列抗吞噬机制。淋病奈瑟菌是一种挑剔的生物,能够在有限数量的初级碳源上生长,如葡萄糖和乳酸。淋球菌对乳酸的利用与许多致病机制有关。该细菌主要生活在微氧环境中,在亚硝酸盐的帮助下可进行好氧和厌氧生长。淋球菌不能产生清除铁的铁载体,但可以利用其他细菌产生的一些铁载体,并且能够成功地从宿主血红素、转铁蛋白和乳铁蛋白中螯合铁。淋球菌是一种非常多用途的人类病原体;在下一章中,我们详细介绍了细菌入侵和在宿主内生存的复杂机制。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Advances in Microbial Physiology
Advances in Microbial Physiology 生物-生化与分子生物学
CiteScore
6.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
16
期刊介绍: Advances in Microbial Physiology publishes topical and important reviews, interpreting physiology to include all material that contributes to our understanding of how microorganisms and their component parts work. First published in 1967, the editors have always striven to interpret microbial physiology in the broadest context and have never restricted the contents to traditional views of whole cell physiology.
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Preface. Biological functions of bacterial lysophospholipids. Redefining the bacterial Type I protein secretion system. Purine catabolism by enterobacteria. Fumarate, a central electron acceptor for Enterobacteriaceae beyond fumarate respiration and energy conservation.
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