Sex and gender differences in lower limb chronic exertional compartment syndrome: a systematic review.

IF 1.9 4区医学 Q2 ORTHOPEDICS Physician and Sportsmedicine Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-07 DOI:10.1080/00913847.2023.2173489

Rachel Rothman, Chandler Berke, Bridget Jivanelli, Ellen Casey, Jennifer Cheng

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Abstract

Objectives: Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) is a cause of exertional leg pain and has been reported in varying frequencies in males and females. Currently, it is unclear whether there are significant sex and gender differences in lower-limb CECS. Delineating sex and gender differences is vital in determining the causes of CECS and best treatments. This systematic review aimed to determine the sex/gender distribution of CECS and to assess for sex and gender differences in CECS diagnosis and outcomes.

Methods: PubMed (Medline), Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases were searched for studies that were published from January 2000-March 2022 and reported lower-limb CECS data in males and/or females. Data on CECS diagnosis (intracompartmental pressures) and outcomes (e.g. post-surgical return-to-sport, need for re-operation) with sex/gender breakdowns were extracted. The sex/gender distribution of CECS and prevalence of CECS by sex/gender were calculated.

Results: Forty-one studies were included in the systematic review; there were 27 retrospective reviews, 8 prospective studies, and 6 retrospective studies with prospective follow-ups. Thirty studies involved surgical populations. Sex/gender distribution of CECS was calculated using data from 24 studies; 51% were female. Prevalence of CECS was available in five studies and ranged widely for males (54%-73%) and females (43%-65%). Intracompartmental pressure data varied by sex/gender. Male athletes were more likely than female athletes to return to sport following surgery for CECS, but variations in all other post-surgical outcomes were observed between sexes and genders in the general population.

Conclusion: Females represented 51% of the patients who were diagnosed with CECS among studies. Most CECS diagnosis and outcomes data varied by sex/gender, except for post-surgical outcomes data in athletes, which demonstrated that males had higher rates of return to sport than females. Future studies are needed to examine factors contributing to sex and gender differences in CECS diagnosis and outcomes.

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下肢慢性劳累隔室综合征的性别差异：系统综述。

目的：慢性劳累隔室综合征（CECS）是导致劳累性腿部疼痛的原因之一，在男性和女性中的发病率各不相同。目前，尚不清楚下肢慢性劳累隔室综合征是否存在明显的性别差异。明确性别差异对于确定 CECS 的病因和最佳治疗方法至关重要。本系统综述旨在确定 CECS 的性别分布情况，并评估 CECS 诊断和结果中的性别差异：方法：检索了 PubMed（Medline）、Cochrane Library 和 EMBASE 数据库中 2000 年 1 月至 2022 年 3 月期间发表的、报告了男性和/或女性下肢 CECS 数据的研究。提取了有关 CECS 诊断（椎间孔内压）和结果（如术后恢复运动、是否需要再次手术）的数据，并按性别进行了分类。计算了 CECS 的性别分布以及按性别分列的 CECS 患病率：系统综述共纳入 41 项研究；其中包括 27 项回顾性综述、8 项前瞻性研究和 6 项前瞻性随访回顾性研究。其中 30 项研究涉及手术人群。利用 24 项研究的数据计算了 CECS 的性别分布情况；其中 51% 为女性。五项研究提供了 CECS 的患病率，男性（54%-73%）和女性（43%-65%）的患病率差别很大。室内压力数据因性别而异。男性运动员比女性运动员更有可能在接受CECS手术后重返运动场，但在一般人群中，所有其他手术后结果都存在性别差异：结论：在各项研究中，女性占 CECS 诊断患者的 51%。大多数 CECS 诊断和疗效数据因性别而异，但运动员的术后疗效数据除外，该数据显示男性的运动恢复率高于女性。未来的研究需要对导致CECS诊断和结果中性别差异的因素进行研究。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Physician and Sportsmedicine PRIMARY HEALTH CARE-ORTHOPEDICS

CiteScore

4.90

自引率

4.30%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： The Physician and Sportsmedicine is a peer-reviewed, clinically oriented publication for primary care physicians. We examine the latest drug discoveries to advance treatment and recovery, and take into account the medical aspects of exercise therapy for a given condition. We cover the latest primary care-focused treatments serving the needs of our active patient population, and assess the limits these treatments govern in stabilization and recovery. The Physician and Sportsmedicine is a peer-to-peer method of communicating the latest research to aid primary care physicians’ advancement in methods of care and treatment. We routinely cover such topics as: managing chronic disease, surgical techniques in preventing and managing injuries, the latest advancements in treatments for helping patients lose weight, and related exercise and nutrition topics that can impact the patient during recovery and modification.