Clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with chronic diseases.

Abstract

Objective: This study was carried out to evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients having chronic diseases (CD) and COVID-19 infection.

Methods: The study was carried out retrospectively by including 1.516 patients with CDs who applied to two education and research hospitals between June 01, 2021, and August 01, 2021, and were diagnosed with COVID-19. As CDs; cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus (DM), hyperlipidemia, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, rheumatological diseases, malignancy, cerebrovascular disease, and chronic kidney diseases (CKD) were screened and evaluated statistically.

Results: A total of 1.516 patients with a mean age of 58.05±18.51 years were included in the study. It has been observed that 68.9% of COVID-19 patients have at least one CD. Women were more tend to have CDs than men (73.8% vs. 64.8%). Patients with a history of CD were significantly older and had a longer hospital stay than those without. Patients with CDs were 5.49 times more likely to be hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) and their death rate was 2.52 times higher than the other patients. After the regression analysis, while hypertension (HT) (Odds Ratio [OR]: 2.39), DM (OR: 3.64), and any type of cancer (OR: 2.75) were seen as independent risk factors in hospitalizations in the ICU, cardiovascular diseases (OR: 2.27), CKD (OR: 3.69) and psychiatric disorders (OR: 2.18) were seen as independent risk factors associated with mortality.

Conclusion: The follow-up of COVID-19 patients with CDs should be done more cautiously than others. It should be kept in mind that patients with HT, DM, and cancer may need intensive care at any time of hospitalization, while those with cerebrovascular disease, CKD, and psychiatric problems may have a higher mortality rate than other patients.